LEPIDOPTERA 681 



The head and the glands on the sixth and seventh abdominal seg- 

 ments are bright vermilion red. There is a velvety black dorsal band, 

 bordered with yellow subdorsal stripes; and there is another yellow 

 band on each side just below the spiracles. The prothorax bears on 

 each side a pencil of long black hairs with plume-like tips; a similar 

 brush is borne on the back of the eighth abdominal segment, and the 

 first four abdominal segments bear dense brush-like tufts of cream- 

 colored or white hairs. 



When this insect becomes a pest the larvae can be destroyed by 

 spraying the infested trees with Paris-green water; or the egg-bear- 

 ing cocoons can be collected during the winter and destroyed. These 

 cocoons are attached to the trunks of the trees and to neighboring 

 objects, or to twigs. In the latter case they are usually partially 

 enclosed in a leaf. Cocoons not bearing eggs should not be destroyed, 

 as many of them contain parasites. Owing to the wingless condition 

 of the female this pest spreads slowly. 



The well-marked tussock-moth, Hemerocampa plagiata. — The 

 male, like that of the preceding species, is of an ashy gray color; but 

 the markings of the fore wings are much more distinct. The female is 

 light brown. She lays her eggs in a mass on her cocoon, covering 

 them with hair from her body. The larva closely resembles the pre- 

 ceding species in the form and arrangement of its tiifts of hair, but 

 differs markedly in color, being almost entirely light yellow. There 

 is a dusky dorsal stripe and a velvety black spot behind each of the 

 tufts of the first four abdominal segments. The head and the glands 

 on the sixth and seventh abdominal segments are, like the body, light 

 yellow. 



The California tussock-moth, Hemerocampa vetusta. — The two 

 species of Hemerocampa described above are found only in the East; 

 this species is found in California, where it is common on live oak and 

 yellow lupin trees, and has injuriously infested apple and cherry 

 orchards. The larvae have black heads, crimson hair-bearing warts 

 and prolegs, and the four tussocks or brush-like tufts of hairs on the 

 back are often dark gray with brownish crests. In general the life- 

 history of this species is similar to that of the two eastern species. 



The old tussock-moth, Notolophus anttqua. — ^The male is of a rust- 

 brown color; the fore wings are crossed by two deeper brown bands 

 and have a conspicuous white spot near the anal angle. The body of 

 the grub-like female is black, clothed with yellowish white hairs ; she 

 lays her eggs on her cocoon, but, unlilce the three preceding species, 

 does not cover them with anything. The larva differs from either of 

 the preceding in having an extra pair of pencils of plume-lilvC hairs 

 arising from the sides of the second abdominal segment; the head is 

 jet-black; the glands on the sixth and seventh abdominal segments 

 are vermilion-red or sometimes bright orange; and the tubercles on 

 the sides of the back of the second and third thoracic and the sixth 

 and seventh abdominal segments are orange-red or yellow margined 

 with pale yellow. 



