794 AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



DD. Antennae three-jointed, third joint with an arista. 



E. Hind metatarsi shorter than the second segment and more or less 



thickened, p. 855 Borborid^ 



EE. Hind metatarsi longer than the second segment and slender. 



p. S59 Ephydrid^ 



BB. Flies in which the abdomen is indistinctly segmented (except Braula), 

 and the two legs of each thoracic segment are widely separated by the broad 

 sternum. The adults are parasites. 

 C. Flies parasitic upon birds or mammals. 



D. Head folded back on the dorsum of the thorax, p. 875 . . . Nycteribiid^ 

 DD. Head not folded back on the thorax. 



EE. Head sunk in an emargination of the thorax; eyes round or oval; 

 palpi forming a sheath for the proboscis, not projecting in front of 



the head. p. 874 Hippoboscid^ 



EE. Head with a fleshy movable neck; eyes wanting or vestigial; 



palpi projecting leaf -like in front of the head. p. 875. Streblid^ 



CC. Flies parasitic upon the honey-bee. p. 876 Braulid^ 



MEIGEN'S FIRST PAPER ON DIPTERA 



In the year 1800, J. A. Meigen published a paper on the classifi- 

 cation of the Diptera, in which many generic names were proposed. 

 This was followed by a second paper published in 1803, in which 

 nearly all of the generic names used in his first paper were discarded 

 and new names proposed. The first paper was evidently not widely 

 distributed for it was practically unknown for more than one hundred 

 years. Attention was called to it by Mr. Fr. Hendel in 1908, and 

 since then an eft'ort has been made to substitute the generic names 

 proposed by Meigen in 1800 for those used by him in 1803. If this 

 were done, not only would these generic names be changed but the 

 well-known names of many families based on these generic names 

 would need to be changed also. Fortunately this revolution in nomen- 

 clature is not necessary, even according to the law of priority; for the 

 names published by Meigen in 1 800 were not adequately defined and 

 no type species were indicated. 



Suborder ORTHORRHAPHA.- 



The Straight-seamed Flies 



This suborder includes those flies in which the pupa escapes from 

 the larval skin through a T-shaped opening, which is formed by a 

 lengthwise split on the back near the head and a crosswise split 

 at the front end of this (Fig. 1003), or rarely 

 through a crosswise split between the 

 seventh and eighth abdominal segments. 

 The adults do not have a frontal lunule. ^'T-sha^ed"o"cnin"" ''''^^' 



The families included in this suborder ^ ^^^ opcnmg. 



are commonl}' grouped in two series : the Nemocera and the Brachy- 

 cera. 



*Orthorrhapha ; orthos {op^^), straight; rhaphe {pa<j>i))^ a seam. 



