40 AN INTROD UCTION TO ENTOMOLOG Y 



The trochantin of the mandible. — In some insects, as Orthoptera 

 there is a distinct sclerite between each mandible and the gena: 

 this is the trochantin of the mandible (Fig. 45, tr). 



The maxillary pleurites. — In some of the more generalized insects, 

 as certain cockroaches and crickets, it can be seen that each maxilla 

 is articulated at the ventral end of a pair of sclerites, between which 

 is the invagination that forms the posterior arm of the tentorium; 



these are the maxillary pleurites; the pos- 



fterior member of this pair of sclerites can 

 be seen in the lateral view of the head of a 

 -'"' cockroach (Fig. 48, m. em). 

 "'"^ The cervical sclerites. — The cervical scler- 



ites are the small sclerites found in the neck of 

 many insects. Of these there are dorsal, 

 lateral, and ventral sclerites. The cervical 

 sclerites were so named by Huxley ('78); 

 pj -o. Head of a recently they have been termed the zn/^r^cg- 



cricket, ental surface mental plates by Crampton ('17), who con- 

 of the dorsal wall. . , .■, , -i ■, 1 •.■, 1 •■ 



siders them to be homologous with sclerites 



found in the intersegmental regions of the 



thorax of some generalized insects. 



The lateral cervical sclerites have long been known as the jugular 



sclerites {pieces jugulaires, Straus Durckheim, 1828). 



C. THE APPENDAGES OF THE HEAD 



Under this category are classed a pair of jointed appendages 

 termed the antennce, and the organs known collectively as the m.outh- 

 parts. 



The antennae. — The antennae are a pair of jointed appendages 

 articulated with the head in front of the eyes or between them. The 

 antennae vary greatly in form; in some insects they are thread-like, 

 consisting of a series of similar segments; in others certain segments 

 are greatly modified. The thread-like form is the more generalized. 



In descriptive works naines have been given to particular parts of the antennae, 

 as follows (Fig. 51): 



The Scape. — The first or proximal segment of an antenna is called the scape (a). 

 The proximal end of this segment is often subglobose, appearing like a distinct 

 segment; in such cases it is called the bulb (a'). 



