128 



AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



abdominal ganglion; and each element consists of a median nerve 

 extending from the ganglion of its origin caudad between the two 

 connectives, a pair of lateral branches of this median nerve, and one 

 or more ganglionic enlargements of each lateral branch. Frequently 

 the median nerve extends to the ganglion of the following segment. 

 A simple form of this system exists in the larva of 

 Cossus ligniperda (Fig. 122); and a more compli- 

 cated one, in Locusia viridissima (Fig. 145). 



From each lateral branch of the m.edian nerve a 

 slender twig extends to the closing apparatus of the 



tracheae. 

 -■■c 



--m J_ ^jjg PERIPHERAL SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM 



Immediately beneath the hypodermal layer of the 

 body -wall, there are many bipolar and multipolar 

 nerve-cells whose prolongations form a network of 

 nerves; these constitute the peripheral sensory 

 nervous system or the suhhypodermal nerve plexus. 



The fine nerves of this system are branches of 

 larger nerves which arise in the central nervous sys- 

 tem; and the terminal prolongations of the bipolar 



trai sympathetic nerve-cells innervate the sense-hairs of the body- 

 nervous sys- .^^|^_ 



tern; g, ganglion . . . „ 



of the central Figure 146 represents a surface view of a small 



nervous system; p^^.^ q£ ^^Yie peripheral sensory nervous system of the 

 71 ncrvG ' c con- x^ jt ^ ^ 



nective;'^', me- silkworm, Bomhyx mcri, as figured by Hilton ('02); 



dian nerve of the -j-^-^g bases of several sense hairs are also shown. The 

 sympathetic sys- ,.,.,.„ 



details of this figure are as follows: h, h, h, the bases 



of sense-hairs; s, s, s, bipolar nen,-e cells; m, m, m, 

 multipolar cells; n, n, n, nerves. All of these struc- 

 tures are united, forming a net work. Of especial 

 interest is the fact that the terminal prolongation of each bipolar 

 nerve-cell enters the cavity of a sense-hair and that the other pro- 

 longation is a branch of a larger nerve which comes from the central 

 nervous system. 



The peripheral sensory nervous system is so delicate that it can 

 not be seen except when it is stained by some dye that differentiates 

 nervous matter from other tissues. For this purpose the intravitam 

 methylen blue method of staining is commonly used. 



Fig. 145. — Part of 

 the ventral chain 

 of ganglia of Lo- 

 custa viridissima 

 and of the ven- 



tem; gs, gang- 

 lion of the sym- 

 pathetic system 

 (From Beriese). 



