ORTHOPTERA 



233 



Crampton ('i8) and Walker ('19 and '22 b). These papers include 

 references to the very extended literature on this subject. 



Figures 243 and 244 represent the caudal end of the abdomen 

 of the male of the Carolina locust, Dissosteira Carolina. In this 

 insect the ninth and tenth terga are joined together on each side 

 (Fig. 244) and the eleventh tergum is separated from the apical 

 part of the supra-anal plate (Fig. 243, s) by a distinct suture. The 

 ninth sternum is large, is turned upward behind, and bears a large con- 

 ical part (Fig. 244, ex) termed the coxale, which is believed to be 

 united coxites of the ninth segment. 



There are two genera of rare and remarkable insects, each of which 

 has been placed in the Orthoptera by some writers and each of which 



Fig. 242. — Ventral 

 view of end of 

 abdomen of 



Fig. 241.— Side view of end of abdomen of CeuthopJiilus young nymph of 

 lapidicola: 7, 8, g, 10, above, tergites of the seventh Conocephalusfas- 

 to the tenth abdominal segments; 7, 8, below, sternites w^iu'^' \ ^"^"^^ 

 of the seventh and eighth abdominal segments; b, basal Walker.; 

 segment of the ventral valve of the ovipositor ; c, cercus; 

 p, podical plate; d,i, v, dorsal, inner, and ventral valves 

 of the ovipositor. (After Walker.) 



is regarded by others as constituting a separate order; these are 

 Grylloblatta and Hemimerus. These genera are briefly discussed at 

 the close of this chapter. 



Leaving out of account the two genera named above, the order 

 Orthoptera includes only six families, all of which are represented in 

 the United States. These families can be separated by the following 

 table.* 



TABLE OF FAMILIES OF ORTHOPTERA 



A. Hind femora fitted for jumping, i. e., very much stouter or very much longer, 

 or both stouter and longer, than the middle femora; organs of flight of imma- 

 ture forms inverted; stridulating insects. (The Saltatorial Orthoptera.) 



*The limits assigned to the order Orthoptera in this work are those that have 

 been commonly recognized for a long period and are those adopted in recently 

 published manuals treating of this order, except that in some of them the Der- 

 maptera is included in the Orthoptera. But Handlirsch ('08) in his great work on 

 fossil insects proposed a new classification of insects, which differs greatly from 

 the classification adopted here. In this classification the families ^Blattidae, 

 Mantidae, and Phasmidag are removed from the Orthoptera and each is made to 

 constitute a distinct order. 



