ORTHOPTERA 235 



form and delicate in color, and the antennas are exceedingly long and 

 slender, looking more like ornaments than like organs of practical use. 

 These beautiful creatures are much less frequently seen than are 

 the crickets and locusts because of their protective green color, which 

 renders them inconspicuous in their haunts among foliage or on the 

 blades of grass. Their presence is most often indicated by the chirping 

 of the males. 



The long-homed grasshoppers are those jumping Orthoptera with 

 long, slender antennas, longer than the body, in which the tarsi are 

 four-jointed and the ovipositor is sword-shaped. 



The tegmina of the males are furnished, in nearly all winged 

 species, with stridulating organs; but these occupy a much smaller 

 part of the tegmina than with the crickets. The six plates of which 

 the ovipositor is composed are closely united so that this organ has 

 the appearance of a single sword-shaped blade. 



The different members of the Tettigoniidae exhibit a great variety 

 of methods of oviposition; some lay their eggs in the ground; some 

 in the pith of twigs ; some singly in the edges of leaves ; some in rows 

 on leaves and stems; and others between the root-leaves and stems 

 of various plants. 



The Tettigoniidae found in America north of Mexico represent 

 eight subfamilies; these can be separated by the following table, 

 which is based on one by Scudder ('97). 

 A. Body generally winged; tarsi more or less depressed. 



B. Fore tibias furnished with auditory tympana; fore wings of male, when 

 present, furnished with stridulating organs. 



C. First two segments of the tarsi without a lateral groove; the two series of 

 spines on the hind side of the posterior tibiae continued to the apex. p. 236. 



Phaneropterin^ 

 CC. First two segments of the tarsi with a lateral groove; one or both of 

 the two series of spines on the hind side of the posterior tibiae not con- 

 tinued to the apex. 

 D. Fore tibiae without apical spines above. 



E. The apex of the vertex short, crowded by the prominent antennary 

 fossae; pronotum crossed by two. distinct sutures, p. 238 



PSEUDOPHYLLIN^ 



EE. The apex of the vertex extended and free from the not prominent 



antennary fossae; pronotum without transverse sutures, or with 



only one. 



F. Fore and middle femora unarmed beneath ; the vertex terminating 



in a rounded tubercle, which is hollowed out on the sides, p. 238. 



CONOCEPHALIN^ 



FF. Fore and middle femora spined beneath, the vertex produced 



forward into a long sharp cone. p. 239 Copiphorin^ 



DD. Fore tibiae with an apical spine above on the outer side; usually 



wingless or with vestigial wings, p. 239 Decticin^ 



BB. Fore tibias without auditory tympana; fore wings of male, when present, 



without stridulating organs, p. 240 Gryllacrin^ 



AA. Body usually wingless; tarsi distinctly compressed. 



B. Tarsi without pulvilli; inserting angle of the hind femora situated on the 



inner side. p. 241 Rhaphidophorin^ 



BB. Tarsi provided with pulvilli; inserting angle of the hind femora situated 

 on the outer side. p. 242 Stenopelmatin^ 



Some of the more common and better-known representatives of 

 these families are referred to below. To save space the distinguishing 



