242 



AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



our common species in the East belong to the genus Ceuthophilus. 

 Figure 257 represents the male oi Ceuthophilus uhleri, and Figure 2 $g 

 the female of Ceuthophilus maculdtus. 



Subfamily STENOPELMATIN^E 



The Sand-Crickets 



These are large, climisy 

 creatures with big heads (Fig. 

 260). They live under stones 

 and in loose soil. They are 

 represented in our fauna by 

 a single genus, Stenopelmdtus, 

 several species of which are 

 found in the Far West and 

 especially on the Pacific Coast. 



Fig. 260. — Stenopelmatus. 



Family GRYLLIDAE* 



The Crickets 



Although the word cricket forms a part of some popular com- 

 pound names of members of the Tettigoniidae, as "western crickets" 

 and "sand-crickets," when the word is used alone it is correctly ap- 

 plied only to members of this family. 



In the more typical crickets, the hind legs are fitted for leaping; 

 the antennae are long and slender; the tegmina lie fiat on the back 

 and are bent down abruptly at the sides of the body; the ovipositor 

 is spear-shaped; and the tarsi are three-jointed. Wingless forms are 

 common. 



The more striking departures from these characteristics are the 

 following: in the Tridactylinae the antennas are short; in the Tri- 

 gonidiinae the ovipositor is sword -shaped ; in the Gryllotalpinae and 

 the Tridactylinas the ovipositor is wanting in our species; and in 

 the Tridactylinas the tarsi are reduced. 



It is evident that one step in the reduction of the nimiber of tarsal 

 segments is the growing together of the metatarsus and the second 

 segment. This is shown in the hind tarsi of Anaxlpha, CEcanthus, 

 Nemobius, and doubtless others, where the suture between these two 

 segments can be seen although the segments are anchylosed. 



Tympana are usually present in the fore tibiae, one on each side 

 of each tibia, as in the Tettigoniidae. In some genera one t^Tnpanum 

 of each pair is wanting; this is sometimes the outer and sometimes the 

 inner one; in the wingless, and therefore mute, species, the tympana 

 are wanting; and in the Tridactylinae there are none. 



"This family is termed the Achetidae by some writers. 



