COLEOPTERA 525 



longer than the whole body; but except in one genus, Prionus, they 

 are only eleven-jointed, as with most beetles. The legs are also long, 

 and the tarsi are apparently four-jointed, the fourth segment being 

 very small and hidden; the third segment of the tarsi is strongly 

 bilobed (Fig. 634). 



They are strong flyers and swift nmners; but many of them 

 have the habit of remaining motionless on the limbs of trees for 

 long intervals, and when in this apparent trance they suffer 

 themselves to be picked up. But, when once caught, many species 

 make an indignant squeaking by rubbing the prothorax and meso- 

 thorax together. 



The larvae are borers, living within the solid parts of 

 trees or shrubs, or beneath bark. They are white or yel- 

 lowish grubs. The body is soft, and tapers slightly from 

 head to tail (Fig. 635); the jaws are powerful, enabling 

 these insects to bore into the hardest wood. The larval 

 state usually lasts two or three years. The pupa state is 

 passed within the burrow made by the larva; frequently p. ^ 

 a chamber is made by partitioning off a section of the ^^' ^^' 

 burrow with a plug of chips; but sometimes the larva builds a ring 

 of chips around itself just beneath the bark before changing to 

 a pupa. The pupal state is comparatively short, lasting only a few 

 days or weeks. 



This family comprises three subfamilies, which are separated by 

 LeConte and Horn as follows : 



A. Sides of the prothorax with a sharp margin, p. 525 Prionin^e 



AA. Prothorax not margined. 



B. Front tibiae not grooved ; palpi never acute at tip. p. 526 . CerambyciN/E 



BB. Front tibiae obUquely grooved on the inner side; palpi with the last 

 segment cylindrical and pointed, p. 528 Lamiin^ 



Subfamily PRIONIN^E 

 The Prionids 



The larger of the long-homed beetles constitute this subfamily. 

 They are distinguished from other cerambycids by having the sides 

 of the prothorax prolonged outwards into a thin margin, which is 

 more or less toothed. The wing-covers are usually leathery in ap- 

 pearance, and of a brownish or black color. The following are our 

 best -known species. 



The aberrant long-homed beetles. — ^The beetles of the genus Pa- 

 mwiira exhibit some strikingdifferences from the more typical ceramby- 

 cids, and were formerly placed in a separate family, the Spondylidce; 

 but they are now included in the Cerambycidae. There are only four 

 North American species of this genus. These live under bark of pine 

 trees. The fourth segment of the tarsus, although much reduced in 

 size, is distinctly visible ; the first three segments are but slightly di- 



