TRICHOPTERA 559 



This order includes thirteen families, all of which are represented 

 in North America. Nearly four hundred species have been described 

 from this region. Among the more important works on the classification 

 of these insects are McLachlan ('74-80), Ulmer ('07), andUlmer ('09). 

 This last-mentioned work is especially important for its accounts of 

 the early stages of these insects. 



The latest and most extended work on the life-histories of North 

 American caddice-worms is that by Lloyd ('21). In this work there 

 is a list of the more important papers on this subject, which, for this 

 reason, need not be enumerated here. This monograph by Mr. Lloyd 

 has been of great assistance to me in the preparation of the following 

 account of the habits of representatives of the different families. 



A monograph treating of all stages of North American Trichoptera 

 has been prepared by Dr. Cornelius Betten and is to appear as a 

 bulletin of the New York State Museum. 



The following table of families is copied from Needham ('18). 



TABLE OF FAMILIES OF THE TRICHOPTERA 



For the Classification of Adults 



A. Micro-caddice-flies; very small, moth-like, hairy, the fore wings bearing 

 numerous erect clavate hairs; the marginal fringe of the wings longer than 

 their greatest breadth; form of wings narrowly lanceolate; antennae rather 



stout and not longer than the fore wings, p. 561 Hydroptilid^ 



AA. Larger caddice-flies, with broader wings; marginal fringes never as long as 

 the wings are broad; antennse usually longer than the fore wings. 

 B. Maxillary palpi five-jointed. 



C. Last joint of the maxillary palpi simple, and not longer than the other 

 joints. 

 D. Ocelli present. 



E. Front tibise with two or three spurs, middle tibise with four spurs. 



F. The first two joints of the maxillary palpi short and thick, the 



third joint much longer and thinner, p. 560 . . . .Rhyacophilid^ 



FF. The second joint of the maxillary palpi much longer than the 



first. Females, p. 564 Phryganeid^ 



EE. Front tibise with a single spur, or with none; middle tibiae with 



only two or three spurs. Females, p. 568 Limnophilid^ 



DD. Ocelli wanting. 



E. A closed cell in the principal fork of the median vein in the fore 



wings. p. 567 CALAMOCERATIDiE 



EE. No closed cell in the median fork. 



F. A closed cell in the first fork of the radial sector. 

 G. Both branches of the radial sector forked. 

 H. Veins Ri and R2 confluent apically or connected by an apical 

 cross-vein in the fore wing. Females, p. 567..0dontocerid^ 

 HH. Veins Ri and R2 not connected apically. p. 569 



SERICOSTOMATIDiE 



GG. Only the anterior branch of the radial sector forked, p. 566. 



Leptocerid^ 



FF. No closed cell in the first fork of the radial sector, p. 566. . 



• MOLANNID^ 



CC. _ Last joint of the maxillary palpi usually much longer than the others, 

 twisted, and divided imperfectly into subsegments. 



D. Ocelli present, p. 563 Philopotamid^ 



DD, Ocelli wanting. 



E. Front tih'iss. with three spurs, p. 563 Polycentropid^ 



EE. Spurs of front tibi^ fewer than three. 



