616 



AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



to pupae in the spring and emerge as adults eight or ten days later. 

 The adult moth expands about 6 mm. ; it has shining dark brown front 

 wings, tinged with purjjlish and dusted with pale yellowish scales. 

 To control this pest, plow the orchard after the leaves have fallen, 

 or rake and burn the fallen leaves. 



Fig. 755. — Wings of Bedellia somnulentella. (After 

 Clemens.) 



Family LYONETIID^ 



Moths with the head smooth, at least on the front. The scape of 

 the antennse usually forms an eye-cap. The ocelli and the maxillary 



palpi are wanting. The 

 labial palpi are usually 

 very small. The wings 

 are very narrow (Fig. 

 755); the hind wings 

 are often linear, with 

 the radial sector ex- 

 tending through the 

 axis of the wing. The 

 apices of the fore wings 

 are usually warped up 

 or down. The larvee 

 are leaf -miners or live 

 in webs between leaves. The following species will serve as examples 

 of this family. 



The morning-glory leaf -miner, Bedellia somnu- 

 lentella.- — The young larva makes a serpentine 

 mine with a central line of frass; later it leaves 

 this mine and makes a blotch mine. The pupa is 

 naked, and fixed by the caudal end to some cross- 

 threads on the under side of the leaf. The adult is 

 yellow and expands about 10 mm. 



The apple bucculatrix, Bucculdtrix pomifoli- 

 ella. — The larva of this species infests the leaves 

 of apple, and when full-grown it makes a small 

 white cocoon which is attached to the lower sur- 

 face of a twig. These cocoons sometimes occur in 

 great numbers, side by side, on the twigs of an 

 infested tree (Fig. 756). They are easily recog- 

 nized by their shape, being slender and ribbed 

 lengthwise. It is these cocoons that usually first 

 i-eveal the presence of the pest in an orchard. They 

 are very conspicuous during the winter, when the 

 leaves are off the trees. At this time each cocoon 

 contains a pupa. The adult moth emerges in 

 early spring. The eggs are laid on the lower sur- 

 face of the leaves. Each larva when it hatches 

 bores directly from the egg to the upper surface 

 of the leaf, where it makes a brown serpentine mine. When these 



Fig. 756. — Cocoons 

 of Bucculatrix 

 pomifoliella. 



