620 



AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



entire leaf. This species like most other gracilariids passes the winter 

 as pupae. 



A common miner in the leaves of locust is Parectopa robiniella. 

 The larv^a makes on the upper surface of the leaf what has been 

 termed a digitate mine, that is a blotch mine with a number of lateral 

 galleries nmning out from it on each side. 



Several members of this family make tentiform mines in the 

 leaves of apple and other fruit trees; but these species are rarely of 

 economic importance. 



Family COLEOPHORID^* 



Moths with a smooth head, without ocelli, and without maxillary 

 palpi. The labial palpi are of moderate size. The antennas are held 

 extended forward in repose. The wings are very narrow. The discal 



Fig. 759. — Wings of Coleophora laricella. 



cell of the fore wing extends obliquely; vein Cui and vein Cu2 when 

 present are very short (Fig. 759). 



The larvag are usually leaf-miners when young or feed within 

 seeds; later, with few exceptions, they are case-bearers. 



Nearly all of our species belong to the genus Coleophora, of which 

 about ninety species have been found in this country. The two follow- 

 ing species are those that have attracted most attention on account 

 of their economic importance. 



The pistol case-bearer, Coleophora malivorella. — The larva of this 

 species infests apple especially but is also found on quince, pliim, and 

 cherr\^ The larvae hatch in mid-summer from eggs laid on the leaves 

 and eat little holes in the leaves. They soon construct little pistol- 



*The typical genus of this family is commonly known as Coleophora, the name 

 used for it by Hiibner in his "Tentamen." But those writers who do not recognize 

 the "Tentamen" as a published work use the later name Haploptilia for the genus, 

 and name the family the HAPLOPXiLnD^. 



