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^A^ INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



them from all other American butterfly larvae excepting those of the 



emperors, Chlorippe. 



The pupaj are rounded; 

 in some cases the transfor- 

 mation takes place beneath 

 rubbish on the ground with- 

 out any preparation of cell 

 or suspension of the body. 

 Nearly sixty species be- 

 longing to this subfamily 

 have been described from 

 America north of Mexico. 

 The eyed brown, Saty- 

 rodes cdnthus. — The upper 

 surface of the wings is soft 

 mouse-brown on the basal 

 half and paler beyond, con- 

 siderably so in the female; 

 each wing bears a row of 

 four or five small black eye- 

 like spots (Fig. 973). This 

 species is found in Ontario, 

 and throughout the eastern 

 half of the United States in 

 wet places. The larva feeds 

 on swamp grasses ; its head 

 and caudal segment are each 

 adorned with a pair of red 

 cone-shaped tubercles. 

 The grayling, Cercyonis alope. — This species is found from the 

 Atlantic to the Pacific; it occurs under several forms, some of which 

 have been described as distinct spe- 

 cies. The most common forms found 

 East of the Rocky Mountains are 

 the first two described below and 

 intergrades between these. The ex- 

 panse of the wings is from 50 to 62 

 mm. The larva feeds on grass. 



(i) The blue-eyed grayling, 

 Cercyonis alope alope. — The upper 

 surface of the wings is dark brown; 

 on the outer half of the fore wings 

 there is a distinct }'ellow band, which 

 extends from vein R5 to the anal vein ; in this band there are two dark 

 spots with a white or bluish center. The hind wings usually bear a 

 small spot in cell Cui, which is narrowly rimmed with yellow and 

 has a minute white pupil. The lower surface of the hind wings is 

 either with or without eye-like spots, usually with six of them. 



Fig. 972. — Wings of Cercyonis alot>e. 



Fig. 973. — Satyr odes canthus. 



