828 



AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



This family is a small one; but it is world-wide in distribution. 

 Representatives of it have been found in both North and South 

 America, in Europe, and in Australia and New Zealand. A mono- 

 graph of the North American species was published by Kellogg ('03) 

 and one of those of the world by the same author ('07), a table of the 

 North American species is given by Kellogg in Williston ('08). 



Family THAUMALEID^ 



The Solitary-Midge 



Only a single species of this family is known to occur in North 

 Amierica; this is Thaumalea americdna. It is a small fly measuring 

 about 8 mm. in length, and is found on the banks of streams. 



The antennae are short, about as long as the head, and nearly of 

 the same structure in the two sexes; the segments of the antennae ex- 

 cept those at 

 j^ the base are 



slender and 

 are clothed 

 with a few 

 short hairs. 

 The ocelli 

 are wanting. 

 The eyes are 

 largeand 

 meet in front 

 in both sexes. 

 The venation 

 of the wings 

 is illustrated by Fig. 1053 vein Ri ends at or near the end of the 

 second third of the costal margin ; the radial sector is two-branched ; 

 media is simple; and there are no anal veins. 



The larvce live in streams and resemble those of Chironomidae. 

 This family has been commonly known as the Orphnephilidas; 

 but it has been shown by Bezzi ('13) that the typical genus was first 

 described under the name Thaumalea. 



Fig. 1053. — Wing of Thaumalea americana. 



Series II— BRACHYCERA* 



The Short-horned Orthorrhapha 



In most of the families included in this division of the Orthorrhapha 

 the antennae are short and three-jointed, the flagellum being reduced 

 to a single segment, with or without a style or arista; but in the first 

 subseries, the Anomalous Brachycera, the flagelltrai is more or less 

 distinctly segmented. In all of the Brachycera the palpi are porrect 

 and one- or two-jointed; and the first anal cell is either closed or 

 narrowed towards the margin of the wing. 



*Brach5^cera: brachy, short; ceras («paf), a horn. 



