40 



Hawaiian Fishes 



swim in immense schools. Some of the members of the family live in 

 fresh water, some live in the sea and go into fresh water to spawn, but 

 the great majority spend their entire life in the ocean. The species which 

 swim in large schools are of value as food fish and are caught in large 

 numbers. 



Of more than 150 known species, only two are known from the 

 Hawaiian Islands. 



Round Herring 



Also known as the Japanese Herring or Makiawa 

 17-1 Etrumeus micropus (Schlegel) 



The makiawa is a bright, silvery, steel-olive color above. The sides of 

 the body are slightly yellowish and the belly is silvery. Each scale has a 

 diamond-shaped olive spot upon it; these spots form lines along the rows 

 of scales. The eyes are covered with a transparent thickened membrane. 

 This fish measures from three to ten inches in length. 



The makiawa is widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean. It is found 

 from Japan through Hawaiian waters to California. 



Small Round Herring 



17-2 Stolephorus delicatulus (Bennett) 

 This little herring ranges from two and one-half to four inches in 

 length. It is of slaty color on its back and silvery white beneath. The 

 fins are pale in color. It is found in the waters adjacent to Mauretius, the 

 East Indies, Australia, Oceania, Tuamotu, and in Hawaii and its leeward 

 island groups. 



THE ANCHOVY FAMILY 



18 V amity Engraulidae 

 The family of the anchovies includes a number of small, weak, carni- 

 vorous shore fishes. Many of the species are easily recognized by a bright 



