(456) 



Fig. 265. Pigeon (Columba) with wings at bottom of stroke during rising. From a 



photograph taken at very short exposure. Note forward position of wings but 



upward and backward curled primary feathers. (After Aymar.) 





■UW'. 



m^. 



D 



Fig. 266. Drawings from four photographs from film of a take-off by an eagle 

 (Aquila). A. The legs are jumping and the upper arms nearly vertical before the 

 wrist joint is extended. B. Wing fully extended with bastard wing spread out, 

 some pronation. C. Marked pronation as the upper arm reaches its lowest point. 

 D. The upper arm is proceeding upwards, although the hand has not yet reached 

 its lowest point. (Drawn from photographs by Knight, from Streseman.) 



