XXIV. 2 



OLD WORLD MONKEYS 



625 



(Colobus) live in tropical Africa 

 and the langurs or leaf monkeys 

 {Presbytis = Semnopiihecus) in 

 south Asia. 



The monkey type thus shows 

 us something of the condition of 

 catarrhines in Oligocene and Mio- 

 cene times. A fragment of a lower 

 jaw from the Lower Oligocene of 

 Egypt, *Apidium, may have been a 



Fig. 401. Rhesus monkey, Macaca. 

 (From life.) 



Fig. 402. Sacred baboon, Papio. (From life.) 





Fig. 403. Mandrill, Mandrillus. (From life.) 



very early catarrhine, if it belongs to a primate at all. The molars carry 

 a quadrangle of four cusps and a hypoconulid behind. *Parapithecus 

 from the same deposits is known from a single mandible (Figs. 397 

 and 409) and was an animal the size of a squirrel, which might have 

 been derived from the anaptomorphids and led on to the catarrhines. 

 The two rami diverge posteriorly, as in tarsioids, rather than running 

 parallel. However, the number of teeth is reduced to that of catarrhines 



