644 



MAN 



XXIV. 12- 



mastication were powerful and the jaws are massive. However, the 

 dental arcades are smoothly rounded, as in man, with little develop- 

 ment of the canines, small incisors, and bicuspid lower first premolar. 

 The molars, however, are heavily built and the third is the largest. 

 They carry cusps with a 'dryopithecus' pattern (Fig. 418). 



Fig. 418. A, diagrammatic reconstructions of palate of an australopithecine for 

 comparison with that of gorilla (B); right side of pelvis of chimpanzee (C), modern 

 man (D), and an australopithecine (E) (not to the same scale). The missing part of 

 the front of the ilium of E extended farther forward than the dots show. (After 

 Le Gros Clark, B.M. Guide.) 



There is much evidence that these creatures walked upright. The 

 foramen magnum lies far forward and the area for attachment of 

 nuchal muscles is reduced (Fig. 413). Several specimens of the pelvis 

 have been found and they show a broad ilium very different from that 

 of apes (Fig. 418). The lower end of the femur and the astragalus also 

 show human characteristics. It may be that these creatures were 



