xxviii. 2 UNGULATE CHARACTERS 



at. 



.3JC. 



695 



Fig. 465. Skeletons of horse and cow. (After Ellenbergcr and Sisson.) 



a. astragalus; at. atlas; ax. axis; c. calcaneum, £2-4, distal carpals; cb. cuboid; cn3. 3rd 



cuneiform; Di. 1st thoracic vertebra;/, femur; fib. fibula; /;. humerus; i. intermedium; 



il. ilium; is. ischium; Li. 1st lumbar vertebra; n. navicular; r. radius, rad. radials; 



sc. scapula; /1-3. distal tarsals; tib. tibia; u. ulna; ul. ulnae, II IV, metatarsals. 



2. Ungulate characters 



When mammals adopt a herbivorous diet they assume certain 

 characteristics, which it is convenient to recognize before dealing with 

 the individual groups (Fig. 465). The animals often become large, but 

 it must be remembered that, outside the ungulates, the rodents include 



