746 ARTIODACTYLS xxxi. 2- 



Ordcr Artiodactyla (cont.) 



Suborder 3. Ruminantia. Eocene-Recent 



Infraorder 1. Tragulina. Eocene-Recent. Holarctic, Africa 

 *Archaeomeryx, Eocene. Asia; Tragulus, chevrotain, Pliocene- 

 Recent, Asia; Hyemoschus, water chevrotain, Pleistocene- 

 Recent, Africa 

 Infraorder 2. Pecora. Oligocene-Recent. Holarctic, Africa, S. 

 America 

 Family 1. Cervidae. Oligocene-Recent. Holarctic, S. America 

 *Blasto?neryx, Miocene-Pliocene, N. America; *Palaeo- 

 meryx, Miocene, Europe ; Moschus, musk-deer, Pliocene- 

 Recent, Asia; Cervus, red deer, American elk, &c, 

 Pliocene-Recent, Holarctic; Dama, fallow deer, Pleisto- 

 cene-Recent, Eurasia; Rangifer, reindeer, Pleistocene- 

 Recent, Holarctic; Capreolns, roe deer, Pliocene-Recent, 

 Eurasia; Alee, moose, European elk, Pleistocene-Recent, 

 Holarctic 

 Family 2. Giraffidae. Miocene-Recent. Eurasia, Africa 

 Giraffa, giraffe, Pliocene-Pleistocene, Asia; Recent, Africa; 

 Okapia, okapi, Recent, Africa; *Palaeotragus, Miocene- 

 Pliocene, Eurasia; *Sivatherium, Pleistocene, Asia 

 Family 3. Antilocapridae. Miocene-Recent. N. America 

 *Merycodus, Miocene-Pliocene; Antilocapra, prong-buck, 

 Pleistocene-Recent 

 Family 4. Bovidae. Miocene-Recent 



*Eotragns, Miocene, Europe, Africa; Gazella, gazelles, 

 Pliocene-Recent, Eurasia, Africa; Taurotragus, eland, 

 Pleistocene-Recent, Africa; Aepyceros, impala, Recent, 

 Africa; Bos, cattle, yak, Pleistocene-Recent, Eurasia and 

 N. America, now world-wide; Bison, buffalo, Pleisto- 

 cene-Recent, Holarctic; Capra, goat, Pleistocene- 

 Recent, Eurasia, Africa (now world-wide); Ovis, sheep, 

 Pliocene-Recent, Holarctic, Africa (now world-wide). 



3. The evolution of artiodactyls 



Although abundant fossil material is available, the lines of evolu- 

 tion within the artiodactyls are not altogether clear, and numerous 

 classificatory arrangements have been suggested. We shall, as usual, 

 follow that of Simpson, who recognizes three suborders. The sub- 

 order Suiformes contains the ancestral Eocene forms and some of their 

 little-modified descendants; it is represented today by the pigs and 



