,i 4 



INDEX 



Pleur acanthus, 179. 

 Pleurodira, 398. 

 Pleuronectes, 237, 251. 

 Pleurotremata, 180. 

 Pliohippus, 737. 

 Pliopithecus, 632. 

 Plover, 519. 

 Podiceps, 499. 

 Poebr other ium, 753. 

 Pogonias, 218. 

 Pogonophora, 49, 60. 

 Poison, actinopterygii, 252. 



amphibia, 299, 302. 



ophidia, 412. 



reptiles, 378, 410, 583. 

 Polynemus, 250. 

 Polyodon, 234, 778. 

 Polypedates, 360, 366. 

 Polyprotodonts, 563. 

 Polypterus, 39, 229, 233, 262. 

 Polyzoa, 49, 58, 75. 

 Pomatomus, 251. 

 Pongidae, 626. 

 Pongo, 626. 

 Population, birds, 431. 



bovidae, 761. 



evolution of, 8, 782. 



fishes, 280. 



fluctuations, 663. 



horses, 739. 



man, 641. 

 Porcupine, 661. 

 Porcupine fish, 252. 

 Porpoise, 673. 

 Portheus, 237. 

 Potamochoerus, 749. 

 Potamogale, 583. 

 Potto, 613. 

 Prairie dog, 657. 



Predators, influence on evolution, 783. 

 Prepollex, 317. 

 Presbytis, 625. 

 Primates, 602. 

 Pristiophorus, 182. 

 Pristis, 162, 182. 

 Proboscidea, 709. 

 Procamelus, 753. 

 Procavia, 708. 

 Procellariiformes, 517. 

 Proconsul, 632. 

 Procyon, 685. 

 Prolacerta, 402. 

 Prolactin, 469. 

 Pronation, definition, 299. 

 Pronephros, elasmobranchs, 163. 



hag-fishes, 124. 



Lampetra, 94. 

 Prong-buck, 760. 

 Pro-otic somites, 149. 



Propliopithecus, 632. 

 Proprioceptors, amphibia, 304. 



elasmobranchs, 172. 



eye-muscles, 157. 



fishes, 136. 



lamprey, 97. 

 Prosimians, 608. 

 Protease, amphioxus, 32. 



elasmobranchs, 59. 



lamprey, 90. 



tunicates, 62. 

 Protection, fishes, 252. 

 Proteus, 352, 358, 365. 

 Protobatrachus, 361. 

 Protopterus, 262, 268, 275, 308. 

 Protorosaurs, 399. 

 Protoselachii, 180. 

 Protosiren, 721. 

 Protosuchus, 421. 

 Prototheria, 549. 

 Protoungulata, 700. 

 Protylopus, 753. 

 Prunella, 522. 

 Psephurus, 234. 

 Pseudobranch, 260. 

 Pseudoloris, 617. 

 Pseudosuchia, 417. 

 Pseudoteeth, 331. 

 Psittaciformes, 520. 

 Pteranodon, 428. 

 Pteraspida, see Heterostraci. 

 Pteraspis, 125. 

 Pterichthyomorphi, 186. 

 Pterobranchia, 50, 58. 

 Pterois, 250. 

 Pterophyllum, 248. 

 Pteropus, 592. 

 Pterosauria, 426. 

 Ptychodera, 50. 

 Ptycholepis, 234. 

 Ptychozoon, 407. 

 Puffinus, 493. 



PUMPHREY, R. J., 482. 



Pupil, see Eyes. 



Pyrosoma, 72. 

 Pyrotherium, 718. 



Quelea, 506. 



Rabbit, 660. 

 Raccoon, 685. 

 Radials, 132, 200. 

 Raja, 172, 182. 

 Ramapithecus , 632. 

 Rana, 298, 360, 366. 

 Raphus, 519. 

 Rat, 659. 

 Ratites, 514. 

 Rattle-snakes, 415. 



