820 



INDEX 



Vagus nerve, 154. 



Vampires, 588. 



Vanadium, in Tunicates, 62. 



Vanellus, 519. 



Varanosaurus, 540. 



V or anus, 409. 



Veins, see Circulation. 



Velum, amphioxus, 31. 



dona, 61. 



Lampetra, 89, 117. 



Pteraspis, 129. 

 Vertebrae, actinopterygii, 199. 



amphibia, 303, 357, 359. 



artiodactyls, 697, 742. 



birds, 438, 512. 



carnivores, 682. 



crocodiles, 419. 



dinosaurs, 424. 



dipnoi, 275. 



edentata, 594. 



elasmobranchs, 132. 



elephant, 712. 



giraffe, 758. 



graviportal, 697, 728, 742. 



ichthyosaurs, 401. 



lamprey, 87. 



marsupials, 558. 



monotremes, 55. 



perissodactyls, 697, 722. 



primates, 634. 



reptiles, 374, 401, 411, 424, 540. 



rhinoceros, 728. 



sea-cows, 720. 



snakes, 411. 



whales, 667. 

 Vertebrata, classification, 24, 79. 



earliest, 124, 128. 



general features, 81. 



organization of, 132, 765. 



origin of, 74, 124. 

 Vespertilio, 592. 

 Vestibular organs, see Ear. 

 Vipera, 372, 382, 415. 

 Visceral arches, see Branchial skele- 

 ton. 

 Viverridae, 689. 

 Vivipary, actinopterygii, 266. 



amphibia, 365, 366. 



elasmobranchs, 164, 167, 180, 181. 



ichthyosaurs, 401. 



marsupials, 560. 



reptiles, 382, 401, 413, 415. 



snakes, 413, 415. 

 Vizcacha, 661. 

 Voice, amphibia, 334. 



birds, 472. 



fishes, 218. 



primates, 621, 633. 



reptiles, 379, 407. 



seals, 692. 



whales, 672. 

 Vombatus, 568. 

 Vomero-nasal organ, see Jacobson's 



organ. 

 Vulpavus, 684. 

 Vulture, 456, 517. 



Wagtail, 521. 



Walrus, 692. 



Warbler, 494, 503, 522. 



Wart-hog, 749. 



Water, succession of forms in, 775. 



Water balance, see Osmoregulation. 



Water receptors, 354. 



Water, return to, 775. 



amphibia, 359. 



crocodiles, 418. 



reptiles, 409, 417, 429. 

 Watson, D. M. S., 364, 709. 

 Weasel, 686. 

 Weaver bird, 506. 

 Weberian ossicles, 216, 237, 265. 

 Weever, 252, 258. 

 Whales, 666. 

 White, E. I., 128. 

 Whiting, 220, 237. 

 Wind tunnel, experiments, 137, 450. 

 Wing, see Limbs. 

 Wolf, 685. 

 Wombat, 568. 

 Woodcock, 519. 

 Woodpecker, 435, 521. 

 Woodpecker finch, 467. 

 Wrasse, 251. 

 Wren, 497, 522. 

 Wright, S., 530. 



Xenarthra, 594. 



Xenopus, 313, 341, 354, 360, 365. 



Xiphias, 249. 



Yak, 763. 

 Yaleosaurus, 423. 

 Youngina, 402. 



Zaglossus, 550. 

 Zalambdalestes, 584. 

 Zebra, 774. 

 Zeiiglodon, 675. 

 Zeus, 237, 248. 

 Zinjanthropus, 645. 

 Zoarces, 266. 



Zoogeographical regions, 572. 

 Zygolophodon, 716. 



