( Contents 



Preface v 



Prologue: Why Study Vertebrates? 1 



Part I. Basic Structure of Vertebrates 



Chapter 1. General Features 11 



2. The Inner (Alimentary) Tube and Its Respiratory 

 Derivatives 25 



3. Circulatory System 63 



4. Excretory and Reproductive Systems 79 



5. Motor System — Muscles and Skeleton 89 



6. Integrative Systems 139 



7. Reproduction 231 



8. Histology 301 



Part II. Comparative Anatomy — Its History, Aim, and Method 



9. History of Comparative Anatomy 333 



10. Aim and Method of Comparative Anatomy 355 



Part III. Comparative Morphology of Chordates 



11. Classification of Chordates: Protochordat a 389 



12. Ichthyopsida 413 



13. Sauropsida: Class Reptilia 463 



11. Sauropsida: Class Aves 503 



15. Class Mammalia 559 



16. Mammalia: Skin, Muscles, Skeleton 573 



17. Mammalia: Visceral Systems — Respiratory, Circula- 



tory, Alimentary, Urinogenital 609 



18. Mammalia: Nervous System 667 



19. Mammalia: Classification 725 



Epilogue: What Comes of Studying Vertebrates 785 



Index 821 



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