Motor System — Muscles and Skeleton 



131 



ANTERIOR 



PECTORAL 



GIRDLE 



SCAPULA — DORS. 



CORACOID — POST. 



PROCORACOID-ANT 



SHOULDER JOINT 

 Glenoid facet 



HUMERUS 



ELBOW JOINT 



RADIUS- ANT 

 ULNA -POST. 



MANUS (HAND) 



CARPUS(WRIST) 



Radial e-ln termed i urn- Ulnare 



Centrale 



Carpalia 1-5 



METACARPALS I " 



PHALANGES^ | 



POSTERIOR 



PELVIC 



GIRDLE 



LIUM —DORS. 

 ISCHIUM-POST. 

 PUBIS —ANT. 



HIP JOINT 

 . Acetabulum 



FEMUR 



KNEE JOINT 

 Patella(Knee-cap) 



TIBIA — ANT. 

 FIBULA-POST. 



l &8tfk 



PES (FOOT) 

 TARSUS (ANKLE) 

 Tibiale- Intermedium- Fibulare 

 5 Centrale 



II 



Tarsalia-l-5 

 METATARSALS 1-5 



Q v 



IV 



^PHALANGES 



DIGIT l-POLLEX 



DIGIT I -HALLUX 



DIGITS l-V 



Fig. 124. Tetrapod appendage. In their general plan, pectoral and pelvic 

 appendages are alike; the diagram applies to either. The corresponding names of 

 pectoral and pelvic parts are placed opposite one another, pectoral at the left and 

 pelvic at the right of the part or region. 



The number of phalanges in each digit is highly variable. In many cases, two 

 small bones or cartilages appear in the position of the centrale. 



External to the girdle, the tetrapod appendage (Fig. 124) consists 

 of a longitudinal series of three major segments; in the pectoral limb 

 a brachium (upper arm of man), an antebrachium (forearm of 

 man), and a manus (hand); in the pelvic limb a femur (thigh), a 

 cms (shank), and a pes (foot). The proximal segment of each limb 

 contains one long bone, the humerus (pectoral) or femur (pelvic); 

 the middle segment contains two parallel long bones, the radius and 

 ulna (pectoral), or the tibia and fibula (pelvic). In the manus 

 there are three regions — a carpus (wrist) consisting of a group of 9 

 or possibly 10 compactly arranged small bones, a metacarpal region 



