Fig. 194. All the animals of this motley collection possess the backbone and 

 the basic structure of backboned animals — illustrating the extreme plasticity of 

 the vertebrate "pattern." (1) Dove. (2) Lizard. (3) Bat. (4) Crane. (5) Phyllop- 

 teryx (a small Pacific fish which looks like a tangled tuft of seaweed). (6) Elephant. 

 (7) Giraffe. (8, 9, 10) Corresponding views (front) of, respectively, a man, an ape, 

 and a batfish. (11) Toad. (12) Snake. (13) Fish. (1 and 4, courtesy, Saunders: 

 "Manual of British Birds," London, Gurney & Jackson. 2, courtesy, Cope: 

 "The Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of North America," Washington, The 

 Smithsonian Institution. 3 and 9, courtesy, Vogt and Specht: "Die Saugetiere 

 in Wort und Bild," Munich, F. Bruckmann-Verlag. 5, from "Cambridge Natural 

 History," Vol. VII. By permission of the Macmillan Company, publishers. 6 and 

 7, courtesy, Flower and Lydekker: "Introduction to the Study of Mammals," 

 London, A. & C. Black, Ltd. 8, "David," by Michelangelo. 10, courtesy, Jordan 

 and Evermann: "Fishes of North and Middle America," Washington, The Smith- 

 sonian Institution. 11, by permission from "Biology of the Amphibia," by Noble, 

 Copyrighted 1931, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. 12, courtesy, "Brehm's Thier- 

 leben," Leipzig, Bibliographisches Institut. 13, courtesy, Neal and Rand: "Chor- 

 date Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) 



229 



