Mammalia: Visceral Systems 



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Fig. 471. (Left) Sagittal section of the larynx and the upper part of the trachea, 

 with a view of the interior of their right halves. (Sappey.) (1) Ventricle; (2) plica 

 ventricularis; (3) plica vocalis ("vocal cord"); (4) arytenoid cartilage covered 

 with mucous membrane; (5) arytenoid muscle cut across; (6) slope of cricothyroid 

 membrane leading up to ligamentum vocale; (7, 8) sections of cricoid; (9) its 

 upper border; (9') its lower border; (10) section of thyroid; (11) upper part of 

 larynx; (12, 13) glandular prominence in aryepiglottic fold; (14, 16) epiglottis; 

 (15) fat between it and thyrohyoid membrane; (17) section of epiglottis; (18) sec- 

 tion of hyoid bone; (19, 20) trachea. 



(Right) Three laryngoscopic views of the superior aperture of the larynx and 

 surrounding parts in different states of the glottis during life. (Czermak.) (A) The 

 glottis during the emission of a high note in singing. (B) In easy or quiet inhalation 

 of air. (C) In the state of widest possible dilatation, as in inhaling a very deep 

 breath. The diagrams (A', B', C) have been added to Czermak's figures to show, 

 in horizontal sections of the glottis, the position of the vocal ligaments and 

 arytenoid cartilages in the three several states represented in the other figures. 

 (I) Base of tongue; (e) upper free part of epiglottis; (e') tubercle or cushion of 

 epiglottis; (ph) part of anterior wall of pharynx behind the larynx; in margin of 

 aryepiglottic fold, (w, s) swellings of the membrane caused by the cuneiform carti- 

 lage; and the corniculum; (a) tip of arytenoid cartilages; (cv) plicae vocales; 

 (cvs) plicae ventriculares; between them the ventricle of the larynx; in (C) (tr) is 

 placed on the anterior wall of the receding trachea, and (b) indicates the commence- 

 ment of the two bronchi beyond the bifurcation, which may be brought into view 

 in this state of extreme dilatation. (Courtesy, Symington: "Quain's Anatomy," 

 London, Longmans, Green & Co., Ltd.) 



