Mammalia: Vi 



•rul Svsten 



Fie;. 496. Diagrams of cloaca 

 and male urinogenitalia in (I) 

 monotremes, (II) marsupials, 

 and (III) placentals. (a, in I) 

 Cloacal aperture; (a, in II) 

 anus; (b) bladder; (c) cloaca; 

 [cd) Cowper's gland; (cp) cor- 

 pus cavernosum penis; (cu) 

 corpus cavernosum urethrae; 

 (p) perineum; (pg) prostate 

 gland; (r) rectum; (s) sym- 

 physis pubis; (/) testis; (u) 

 ureter; (v) vas deferens; (vg) 

 vesicular gland; (»m, m) ventral 

 muscles. (After Weber. Cour- 

 tesy, Kingsley: "Comparative 

 Anatomy of Vertebrates," Phil- 

 adelphia. The Blakiston Com- 

 pany.) 



Fused neural arches of trunk vertebrae 

 Horny plates of carapace^^^ Centra r \ 



Bony plates of carapace {□ eur ° l 

 ^Pygal x 



Sacral «Prt C hm ^g^g^a^V-, >-^ ., '^^-^ ^ /r~ 



---^^Kidney 



■^-Peritoneum 



^5^-rr Ure ,er 



Stratum corneum.^^^V^.^^^^^^//:: ^7^^^" j_^^=^»- Accessory 



(A bladder 

 -pedum 

 -Anus 

 ^^...0- "B-Oviduct 



.-Pentoneun 



Urinary 



Cloacal opening / bladder 



Cloaca' 



Corpus cavernosunY 



of clitoris / J \ \ Epipubis 



Bony plates of plastron j \ Pubis 



Horny plates of plastron Ischium 



Fig, 197. Reptilian cloaca. Sagittal section of cloacal region of a female turtle 



