Mammalia: Nervous System 



671 



tongue, the more specialized foliate and vallate papillae (Fig. 503). 

 The foliate papillae, usually only a single pair of them, consist of a 

 series of parallel thin folds of the epithelium. A vallate papilla (Fig. 

 504) resembles a fungiform papilla which, instead of protruding above 

 the surface of the tongue, is depressed into the substance of the tongue 



PAPILLAE FILIFORM 



TONSILLA LING. 



ADITUS LARYNGIS 



PAPILLAE FUNGIFORMES 



^PAPILLAE VALLATAE 



FOLLICULI LINGUAE 



CART CUNEIFORMS 



CART ARYTENOIDEA 



LAMINA CART CRICOIDEA 



Fig. o03. Dorsal surface of the tongue and 

 the larynx of the rhesus monkey. (Courtesy, 

 Hartman and Straus: "Anatomy of the Rhesus 

 Monkey," Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co.) 



and surrounded by a narrow deep groove or "valley." Taste-buds are 

 especially numerous on the lateral surfaces of the foliate and vallate 

 papillae. In the case of the latter, the " valley " serves to retain samples 

 of the fluids present in the buccal cavity, thereby prolonging the 

 stimulation of the taste-buds. 



The great majority of the taste-buds are connected with branches 

 of the facial nerve (VII). Buds in the more posterior region are in- 

 nervated by branches from the glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X). 



OLFACTORY ORGAN 



A pair of sense-organs which correspond to the nasal olfactory 

 organs of Amniota in position and mode of embryonic origin are well 

 developed in fishes. Their sensory cells are stimulated by substances 



