FISHES OF THE GULF OF MAINE 3 



True fishes — Continued. 



The bony fishes — Continued. Page 



The lanternfishes. Family Myctophidse 149 



Lanternfish (Mthoiprora effulgens Goode and Bean) 149 



Family Stomiatidse 151 



Pearlsides {Maurolicus pennanli Walbaum) 151 



Viperfish (Chauliodus sloanei Bloch and Schneider) 153 



Cj'clothone {Cydothone signata Garman) 153 



The lancetfishes. Family Alepisauridae 154 



Lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox Gill) 154 



The mummichogs or killifishes. Family Poecilidae 155 



Common mummichog {Fundulus heteroclitus Linnaeus) 156 



Striped mummichog (Fundulus majalis Walbaum) 158 



Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegaius lia,c6pkde) 159 



The billfishes. Family Belonidaj 161 



Silver gar {Tylosurus marinus Walbaum) 161 



The halfbeaks. Family Hemiramphidje 163 



Half beak (Hyporhamphus roberti Cuvier and Valenciennes) 163 



The needlefishes. Family Scomberesocidse 164 



Needlefish {Scomhercsox saurus Walbaum) 164 



The sticklebacks. Family Gasterosteidie 166 



Nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius Linnteus) 167 



Three-spined stickleback (Gaslerosteus aculealus Linnaeus) 168 



Two-spined stickleback (Gaslerosteus bispinosus Walbaum) 171 



Four-spined stickleback (Apeltes quadracus MitcMU) 171 



The trumpetfishes. Family Fistulariidre 173 



Trumpetfish (Fislularia labacaria Linnaeus) 173 



The pipefishes. Family Syngnathidae 174 



Pipefish (Siphostoma fuscum Storer) 175 



The sea horses. Family Hippocampidae 177 



Sea horse (Hippocampus hudsonius DeKay) 177 



The silversides. Family Atherinidae 178 



Silverside (Menidia nolala Mitchill) 179 



Waxen silverside (Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall) 181 



The mullets. Family Mugilidae 182 



Mullet (Mugil cephalus, Linnaeus) 182 



The sand launces. Family Ammodytidae 183 



Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus DeKay) 183 



The mackerels. Family Scombridce 187 



Mackerel (Scomber scomhrus Linnaeus) 188 



Chub mackerel (Pneumalophorus colias Gmelin) 209 



Striped bonito (Gymnosarda pelamis Linnaeus) 211 



Tuna (Thunnus Ihynnus Linnaeus) 212 



Common bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch) 215 



Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus Mitchill) 217 



King mackerel (Scomberomorus regalis Bloch) 219 



The escolars. Family Gempylidae 220 



Escolar (Ruvellus pretiosus Cocco) 220 



The cutlasfishes. Family Trichiuridae 220 



Cutlasfish (TrichiuTus leplurus Linnaeus) 220 



The swordfishes. Family Xiphiidae 221 



Swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus) 221 



