13 



Dr, John Yaldwyn, Australian Museum, Sydney, 



Australia Decapoda (shrimp) 



Prof. C. M. YoNGE, University of Glasgow, Scotland Mollusca 



Mr. Fred C. Ziesenhenne, Allan Hancock Found., U. of 



S. Calif. Ophiuroidea and 



Asteroidea 

 Dr. Victor Zullo, Marine Biological Laboratory, 



Woods Hole, Mass. Cirripedia 



Most of the illustrations in this paper were done by Niels Bjarnov, 

 James R. Mori arty, and SP6 Joseph Freitas (United States Military 

 Assistance Advisory Group in Denmark). The illustrations on faunal 

 plate X were drawn by artist Poul Winther of Copenhagen. The photo- 

 graphs on plates XI-XV were supplied by Dale Krause, University of 

 Rhode Island. 



History of Biological Exploration in the Gulf of California 



Considering the size of the region, comparatively little biological col- 

 lecting has been carried out in the Gulf of California. Few areas along the 

 coast are readily accessible to the average biologist, and until a few years 

 ago, no marine stations had been established along the coast. There is now 

 a small station. The Vermilion Sea Field Station, at Los Angeles Bay, 

 Baja California, established by the San Diego Natural History Society, 

 Considerable biological research is now being conducted there in a number 

 of fields (McLean, 1961). There is also a small marine station operated by 

 the Mexican Government at Mazatlan, Sinaloa, although little research 

 has been carried out there, apart from assembling a small study collection 

 of local marine animals. 



Early collections from the Gulf of California and the Pacific coast of 

 Middle America consisted mostly of moUusks. In the early 1800's, col- 

 lections of mollusks were made by a business man, Hugh Cummings, who 

 sent a vast collection back to Europe. This collection was eventually 

 acquired by the British Museum of Natural History. Many of the moUusk 

 species collected and identified in this present study were originally 

 described from the Cumming's collection by such early taxonomists as 

 Broderip, the Sowerbys, Hanley, Reeve and Deshayes. An historical 

 account of this collections can be found in Olsson (1961). Collections were 

 also made by Colonel Ezekiel Jewett, and later described by Philip 

 Carpenter (1855-57, 1863, 1864). Other early moUusk collections were 

 carried out by C. B. Adams (mostly in Panama) and Frederick Reigen, 

 a Belgian who lived in Mazatlan. These collections were also described 

 by Carpenter (1864). The mollusks described by C. B. Adams have been 

 figured and his descriptions duplicated in Turner (1956). 



