372 



FRUCTIFICATION OF MOSSES. 



maturity, developes within itself an Antherozoid (b, o, d) ; and 

 the Antherozoids, set free by the rupture of the cells within which 



Fig. 182. 



Structure of Mosses : — A, Plant of Funaria hygromeirka, show- 

 ing/ the Leaves, u the Urns supported upon the Setse or footstalks 

 •s, closed by the Operculum o, and covered by the Calyptra c : — 

 b, Urns of Encalyptra vulgaris, one of them closed and covered 

 with the Calyptra, the other open ; u, u, the Urns ; o, o, the 

 Opercula ; c, Calyptra ; p, Peristome : s, s, Setae : — c, longitudi- 

 nal section of very young Urn of Splachnum ; a, solid tissue 

 forming the lower part of the capsule ; c, Columella ; I, loculus 

 or space around it for the development of the spores ; e, Epi- 

 dermic layer of cells, thickened at the top to form the Operculum 

 o; p, two intermediate layers, from which the Peristome will 

 be formed ; s, inner layer of cells forming the wall of the lo- 

 culus. 



they are formed, make their escape by a passage that opens for 

 them at the summit of the antheridium. The Antheridia are 

 generally surrounded by a cluster of hair-like filaments, composed 

 of cells joined together (Fig. 183, a), and called Paraphyses ,• 

 these seem to be 'sterile ' or undeveloped Antheridia. The Arche- 

 gonia bear a general resemblance to those of Marchantia (Fig. 179); 

 and there is every reason to believe that the fertilization of their 

 contained Germ -cells is accomplished in the manner already 

 described. The fertilized Embryo-cell becomes gradually developed 

 by cell-division into a conical body elevated upon a stalk ; and this 



