132 Frogs of the Okefinokee Swatnp 



In 1889 Cope (p. 292) writes of it as follows: "In some specimens the 

 transverse posterior part of the fronto-parietal crest is broken up. It then 

 resembles the young of the Bufo lentiginosus, with which it has been supposed 

 to be identical by various authors. It, however, differs from this species in 

 the differently shaped parotoid glands, the thickened posterior parts of the 

 mandibles, and from all the subspecies, except the B. I. woodhousei, in the 

 shorter head. There is no doubt but that Dr. Holbrook was correct in re- 

 garding this as a distinct species of very small size." 



On the basis of vocal sac of male alone Miss Dickerson (1906, pp. 89-91) 

 places Bufo quercicus with Bufo compactilis and Bufo cognatus in relation- 

 ships. Other characters may bear her out in this determination. 



In appearance one might place Bufo quercicus with Bufo cognatus and 

 might call B. quercicus sl small edition of it. Of course, there may be some 

 relationship with Bufo debilis the other small toad of the U. S. A., but it is 

 more remote from it than from B. cognatus. In the males the vocal vesicle 

 is of the Bufo cognatus groups but so is also some others such as Bufo com- 

 pactilis. Its note is quite different from the above species. We ourselves 

 know first hand the eggs of Bufo compactilis, B. punctatus and B. quercicus. 

 We have no positive eggs of B. debilis or Bufo cognatus. Bufo punctatus may 

 lay single eggs black and white, or eggs in loose flat masses on bottom or 

 quite a film on the bottom. Bufo quercicus lays brown and cream colored eggs, 

 4 to 6 or 8 in a bar with little or no jelly. Bufo compactilis lays brown and 

 cream colored eggs in a file, one envelope wide and with little jelly. In known 

 eggs of the United States Bufos, Bufo quercicus approaches closest to Bufo 

 compactilis. Possibly when B. cognatus eggs are found they will appear to be 

 related in appearance to Bufo quercicus and Bufo compactilis. This is, how- 

 ever, conjecture. The tadpoles of Bufo quercicus in coloration are lighter than 

 many Bufo tadpoles and may approach the bicolored tadpoles of Bufo com- 

 pactilis (as yet we do not positively know Bufo debilis and Bufo cognatus 

 tadpoles) . 



Quite reasonably it seems to be in the Bufo cognatus-compactilis-punc- 

 tatus (possibly debilis) assemblage. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



1907 Brimley, C. S. A Key to the Species of Frogs and Toads Liable to Occur in North 

 CaroUna. Journ. EHsha Mitchell Sci. See. Dec. i, 1907, Vol. 23, pp. 157, 159. 



1908 . Notes on Life Zones in North Carolina. Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, 



May, 1908, Vol. 24, pp. 17-19. 



1909 . Some Notes on the Zoology of Lake Ellis, Craven County, North Carolina, 



with Special Reference to Herpetology. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., June 25, 1909, 

 Vol. XXII, p. 133. 



19 10 . Records of Some Reptiles and Batrachians from the Southern United 



States. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. March 31, 1910, Vol. XXIII, p. 11. 



1926 . Revised Key and List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of North Carolina. 



Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Oct., 1926, Vol. 42, p. 80. 

 1862 Cope, E. D. Proceedings Acad. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 341. 



1886 . Proceedings Am. Phil. Soc, 1886, p. 516. 



1889 . The Batrachia of North America. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. No. 34, pp. 



291, 292. 

 1925 Crosby, C. R. and S. C. Bishop. A New Genus and Two New Species of Spiders 



Collected by Bufo quercicus (Holbrook) The Florida Entomologist. October 



1925, Vol. IX, No. 3, pp. 33-36. 



