134 Frogs of the Okefinokee Swamp 



Bufo fowleriy In 1922 in Duval Co., Fla., Thomas Hallinan at Fort George 

 Island found several. Nieden (1923, p. 125) though he publishes in 1923 really 

 comes about to the year 19 14 in data so has little or no additional range 

 evidence. He gives Southern United States, North America (east of Texas). 

 K. P. Schmidt (1924, p. 68) records it at Mt. Pleasant, S. C, and Bufo 

 fowleri at the same place. In South Carolina Pickens, 1927, has B. ameri- 

 canus, B. fowleri and Bufo terrestris in South Carolina. In 1923 Viosca 

 (1923, p. 37) gives Bufo terrestris as one of the Southeastern part of Louisiana. 

 At Wilmington, N. C, George S. Myers (1924, p. 59) took "Bufo terrestris 

 Bonnaterre. Several." In North Carolina, C. S. Brimley (1925, p. 80) 

 credits to to Jares, Onslow, New Hanover, Cumberland and Scotland Coun- 

 ties, In 1926 (pp. 82, 83) we considered it one of the "nine species of frogs 

 which might be considered Lower Austral." "I.O. Bufo terrestris S. C. — Ga. 

 La." Earlier in 1896 (p. loii) Cope placed "Bufo lentiginosus lentiginosus 

 Shaw" amongst the "Species which the Floridan subregion shares with the 

 Austroriparian . . ." He also (p. 1007) gives it as a characteristic Aus- 

 troriparian species. In 1889, Cope (p. 290) holds "The B. I. lentiginosus is 

 confined to the Austroriparian region east of Texas, and all statements to the 

 contrary are based on error. It does not ascend the Mississippi Valley, so 

 far as is known." The next year 1890 H. Garman reports it from Southern 

 Illinois and Kentucky. Did he have B. fowleri or is B. terrestris in Kentucky 

 and Illinois? Miss Dickerson (1906, p. 39) also places it in the Austroriparian 

 region. Brimley (1910, p. 11) has it from Bay St. Louis, Miss, to Bellair and 

 Fort Meade, Fla., or Mimsville and Riceborough, Ga. Viosca (1926, p. 308) 

 has it among "a few coastal plain species whose range from Virginia or North 

 Carolina southward and westward to the Mississippi Valley seems fairly well 

 established." 



Shaw (1802, p. 173) credits it to the Carolinas and Virginia. Harlan 

 (1825, p. 345 and 1835, p. loa) does not consider terrestris alone when he has 

 it inhabiting "the southern and middle states." 



Local Okefinokee records. In 19 12 fourteen adult or half-grown toads were 

 secured and about 100 others in various stages of growth beyond transforma- 

 tion. Several adults taken from snake stomachs were used in this (19 12) 

 study besides a series of transformed individuals and numerous tadpoles. 



This species we found generally on all the islands and all around the out- 

 skirts of the swamp. No enumeration of localities is necessary. It occurs 

 throughout the pine barrens and hammocks in fact any land habitat. In 

 breeding we find it in shallow water normally. One Okefinokee boy called 

 them Charming Toad. "Charming toad because it charms you, turns your 

 eyes right green." 



GENERAL APPEARANCE 



Shaw (1802, p. 173) held "This very much resembles the common toad 

 (Europe) in its general appearance, but has a smaller head and sharper 

 snout. . . . Its colour is a dusky brown, paler beneath or it is all over 

 mottled with minute blackish or dark brown spots: the irides of the eyes 

 are red." 



