Ra7ia septentrionalis 411 



General appearance. Tadpole large (99 mm.) of the R. grylio or R. 

 clamitans type, but without black gular area of R. grylio. Venter heavily 

 pigmented with white so intestine does not show through in life or preserved 

 specimens. Tail elongate, tip acute. Dorsal crest not as wide as muscula- 

 ture, not extending forward on body much beyond the level of the buds of 

 the hind legs. Spiracle sinistral, directed backward and obliquely upwards, 

 just visible from dorsal aspect. Spiracular opening just touches lateral 

 axis as in R. grylio. Eye just above or rarely on lateral axis. Anus dextral 

 on level with lower edge of ventral crest. Muciferous crypts distinct. A 

 short dorsal row of 8 to 10 pores on either side of middle hne of back from 

 the dorsal crest forward; from above the middle line of insertion of tail 

 musculature on body to back of eye is a distinct line of pores. Just before 

 it approaches the eye area it sends obliquely upward and backwards toward 

 dorsum a short line in the direction of the end of the first row described. 

 When this main line reaches area just back of the eye, a blind short line starts 

 transversely across occiput but is very short, another continues as supraor- 

 bital line to above nostril, another behind eye and under mouth as infraor- 

 bital to nostril. The portion behind the eye sends off an upward and back- 

 ward loop which immediately swings downward parallel with the infraorbital 

 for a short distance, then it descends directed downward to level of upper jaw 

 to be and turns at right angles forward toward the mouth. Another lateral 

 row forms a loop around the tip of the spiracle. 



Mouth ports: Teeth 2/3. Edge of upper labium fringed with teeth, 

 the fringe about the length of the horny beak, or somewhat longer. In 

 either corner, beneath this fringe is a short row of teeth one sixth to two fif- 

 teenths the length of the upper fringe. The outer end of the lateral row does 

 not reach beyond the edge of the upper fringe. The median space between 

 these two rows is three and one half to four and one half times the length of 

 either row. From above the end of the first upper labial row down to the end 

 of the third row are two or three irregular rows of papillae inside the outer 

 row of papillae. These run to the end of the third row and in one case where 

 the third row is lost it is replaced by papillae inside the usual single row 

 across lower labium. Third lower row therefore about equal to the single 

 row of papillae on lower labium, much less than horny beak, and 1/3 shorter 

 than the first row of lower labial teeth. The first and second rows are about 

 equal to horny beak. The first one often subdivided. In general it is much 

 like R. grylio and one adult tadpole has a black line of spots on dorsal crest 

 much hke gi^ylio tadpoles. 



Measurements. Length of body (24-33 mm.) in tail (45-67 mm.) 1.66- 

 2.1, average 1.86. Width (13.5-23.0) of body in its own length 1.3-2. i, 

 average 1.56. Depth (11-19.5 mm.) of body 1.14-1.33 in body width, aver- 

 age 1.23. Depth of body 1.64-2. 16 in body length, average 1.85. Depth 

 (12. 0-19.0 mm.) of tail in length of tail 3.2-4.7, average 3.87. Depth of tail 

 .85-1.1 in body depth, average 1.97. Muscular part (6.5-13.0 mm.) 1.3-1.9 

 in depth of tail, average 1.48. Spiracle 1.2-1.3 nearer base of hind legs or 

 vent region (9-18 mm.) than the tip of the snout (16.0 -22.5 mm.), average 



