4i8 Fj'ogs of the Okefinokee Swamp 



envelopes and color. Each adult has about the same degree of vocal 

 sac development in the male. 



The adults are unlike in color pattern but Rana septentrionalis 

 may have the upper parts with pronounced spots but not regularized. 

 Rana palustris tadpole may be held as much R. clamita7is-\\ke in 

 appearance as R. pipiens — (also sphenocephala, aesopus, areolata) 

 like but it transforms the same year as eggs laid. The transformation 

 size is smaller and it breeds in late April and May while R. septen- 

 trionalis belongs to the June- July season of R. damitans, R. virgatipes, 

 R. grylio, R. catesbeiana. But Rana caiesheiana breeding in February 

 1925 in San Antonio, Texas, cured the author of over emphasis on 

 this prop. 



3 . Rana damitans. 



Sometimes it has a suggestion of a dorsolateral glandular fold; 

 its tadpoles winter over at least a season, and the tadpoles have the 

 outline of R. damitans type; sometimes adults have no spots like 

 Rana damitans; sometimes R. damitans in Adirondack and Northern 

 parts are much spotted. 



Usually they have no dorsolateral fold, are usually spotted, trans- 

 form at much larger size than R. damitans though adult is smaller: 

 lays submerged egg mass, not surface films. Its nearest relationship 

 lies doubtless with No. 4. 



4 . Rana virgatipes. 



(See Rana virgatipes Affinities). 



In transformation size Rana septentrionaUs approaches Rana 

 catesbeiana or Rana grylio more than R. damitans, while R. viigatipes 

 goes into the R. pipiens and R. palustris class. 



5 . Rana pipiens. 



Rana septentrionaUs is an associate of this form in the west of its 

 range and may have come from this widespread species. Its egg 

 mass looks more like that of Rana virgatipes than R. pipiens yet 

 Rana septentrionaUs has two envelopes on each egg as R. pipiens but 

 thisis not to be overemphasized. They are in different tadpole and 

 transformation classes though the adults of the mink frog are smaller 

 than R. pipiens However they may approach. Witness A. C. 

 Weed's description of Rana kandiyohi from Minnesota where Rana 

 septentrionaUs and R. pipiens are. He writes: "Typical specimens 

 of this species show a color pattern which suggests a blending of 

 Rana pipiens and Rana septenirionaUs. It is as though the black 

 spots of Rana pipiens had been superposed on the mottled color of 

 septentrionaUs. ." (Weed 1922, p. 109). 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 1920 Boulenger, G. A. A Monograph of the American Frogs of the Genus Rana. Proc. 



Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 55, No. 9, August 1920, pp. 423-425. 

 1889 Cope, E. D. The Batrachia of North America, U. S. N. M. Bull. No. 34, Wash. 



1889, pp. 416-419. 



