Gasirophryne carolinensis 457 



none thence to France, as the skin was so thin and tender, that he was unable 

 to preserve or even describe it; to me the skin appears as strong as that of 

 any other species of Ranina of the same size." 



H. Garman (1892, p. 333) writes "It has been reported from the most 

 southern part of the State only, and is probably very rare even there. It is the 

 one species which, like the siren, water-moccasin and red-bellied horn snake, 

 mark southern Illinois as a part of a southern Zoological sub-region. Outside 

 of Illinois the species is almost confined to the Southern States. ... Le 

 Conte found it abundant under logs in Georgia, and others have collected it 

 among weeds. The pecuhar form, small immersed head, small withdrawn 

 eyes, and strong hind legs, suggest subterranean habits." 



In 1894 Loennberg "found this peculiar little animal under old logs, dry 

 paLm-leaves, and such things, near lakes, and in moist places in Orange 

 County, for instance, in the pineland at Clarcona, and in the hammock 

 bordering Lake Jesup. It is not very common." 



In 1893 Julius Hurter (p. 253) near St. Louis found "This little toad is 

 quite rare. I have only found it in spring at Cliff Cave, St. Louis County, 

 Mo., nearly on the top of a bluff on the southwestern exposure. They are 

 not easily seen on account of their color and being partially hid in the ground, 

 under rocks and logs." In 1897, the same author (1897, p. 503) writes of it 

 in Missouri. "Dr. Kennicott sent some that he caught in New Madrid 

 County, Mo., to the National Museum. I have found some specimens in 

 Butler County, and three at Cliff Cave, St. Louis County, which is, to all 

 appearance, the most northern locality of this subtropical species. These 

 toads are found under rocks, sometimes on the top of the bluffs. They are 

 very hard to see, as they are partly hidden in the ground and also protected 

 by their color." 



In 1895 Rhoads (p. 396) says "The specimens taken (in Tennessee) were 

 found under logs in woodland near running water. Specimens: Raleigh 

 I ad.; near Chattanooga, i ad." 



Percy Viosca, Jr. (1923, p. 40) in discussing the sea beaches of Louisiana 

 writes "Where the beach connects with some alluvial ridge, oaks, bushes 

 and other ridge land forms make up the vegetation and the fauna partakes 

 of the nature of the alluvial species Hyla squirella and Gastrophryne caro- 

 linensis sometimes reaching to the very edge of the Gulf." In (1926, p. 310) 

 he places it in the "Species common to the Atlantic, East Gulf, Mississippi 

 Alluvial and West Gulf Coastal Plains." 



In 191 1 and 19 12 Deckert (1914, No, 3, p. 3) finds at Jacksonville, Florida, 

 "Engystoma carolinense . . . abundant everywhere after heavy rains." In Dade 

 Co., he in 1920 (192 1, p. 21) says "Of this, the 'Narrowmouth Toad' about 

 a dozen specimens were taken in Miami, on the borders of a rain-pool in an 

 empty lot at Miama Ave. and 22nd Street. Both sexes were represented. They 

 were hiding under pieces of limestone in black, mucky soil and were heard 

 calHng during the night of May 16 in company with Spadefoots and other 



