jy CONTENTS 



Cartilaginous fishes. Class Chondrichthyes — Continued 



Sharks, torpedoes, skates and rays. Subclass Elasmobranchii — Continued 



Torpedoes, skates and, rays. Order Batoidei — Continued Page 



Whip-tailed sting rays. Family Dasyatidae 74 



Sting ray Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill) 74 



Cow-nosed rays. Family Rhinopteridae 76 



Cow-nosed ray Rhinoptera bonasus ( Mitchill) 76 



Devil rays. Family Mobulidae 77 



Devil ray Manta birostris (Donndorff) 77 



Chimaeroids. Subclass Holocephali 79 



Chimaeras. Order Chimaerae 79 



Family Chimaeridae 79 



Chimaera Hydrolagus affinis (Brito Capello) 79 



Bony fishes. Class Osteichthyes 80 



Sturgeons. Family Acipenseridae 80 



Sea sturgeon Acipenser sturio Linnaeus 81 



Short-nosed sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur 84 



Herring and Tarpon tribes. Families Clupeidae, Dussumieriidae, and Elopidae. 85 



Ten-pounder Elops saurus Linnaeus 86 



Tarpon Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 87 



Round herring Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill) 87 



Herring Clupea harengus Linnaeus 88 



Hickory shad Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill) 100 



Alewife Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson) 101 



Blueback Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill) 106 



Shad Alosa sapidissima (Wilson) 108 



Thread herring Opislhonema oglinum (LeSueur) 112 



Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) 113 



Anchovies. Family Engraulidae 118 



Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 118 



Striped anchovy Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus) 119 



Salmons. Family Salmonidae H» 



Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) 120 



Salmon Salmo salar Linnaeus 121 



Humpback salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) 131 



Silver salmon Oncorhynchus kisulch (Walbaum) 133 



Smelts. Family Osmeridae 133 



Capelin Mallotus villosus (Mtiller) 134 



Smelt Osmerus mordax (Mitchill) 135 



Argentines. Family Argentinidae 139 



Argentine Argentina silus Ascanius 139 



Luminescent fishes ™* 



Lanternfishes. Family Myctophidae 141 



Headlight-fish Diaphus effulgens (Goode and Bean) 142 



Lanternfish Myctophum affine (Liitken) 143 



Pearlsides. Family Maurolicidae 143 



Pearlsides Maurolicus pennanti (Walbaum) 144 



Viper Fishes. Family Chauliodontidae 145 



Viperfish Chauliodus sloani Bloch and Schneider 145 



Stomiatids. Families Gonostomidae and Stomiatidae 146 



Cyclothone Cyclothone signata Garman 146 



Stomias Stomias ferox Rheinhardt 147 



Stomioides nicholsi Parr 147 



Trigonolampa miriceps Regan and Trewavas 148 



Hatchet fishes. Family Sternoptychidae 149 



Silver hatchet fish Argyropelecus aculealus Cuvier and Valenciennes 149 



Eels. Families Anguillidae, Congridae, Simenchelyidae, Synaphobranchidae, 



Nemichthyidae, and Ophichthyidae 150 



Eel Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur) 151 



American conger Conger oceanica ( Mitchill) 154 



