CONTENTS 



Bony fishes. Class Osteichthyes — Continued Paee 



Eels — Continued 



Slime eel Simenchelys parasiticus Gill 157 



Long-nosed eel Synaphobranchus pinnatus (Gronow) 158 



Snake eel Omochelys cruentifer (Goode and Bean) 159 



Snipe eel Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson 159 



Lancetfishes. Family Alepisauridae 160 



Lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox Lowe 161 



Mummichogs or killifishes. Family Poeciliidae 162 



Common mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) 162 



Striped mummichog Fundulus majalis (Walbaum) 164 



Sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede 165 



Billfishes. Family Belonidae 167 



Silver gar Tylosurus marinus (Walbaum) 167 



Garfish Ablennes hians (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 168 



Halfbeaks. Family Hemiramphidae 169 



Halfbeak Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani) 169 



Needlefishes. Family Scomberesocidae 170 



Needlefish Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum) 170 



Flying fishes. Family Exocoetidae 171 



Flying fish. Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque) 172 



Silver hake and Cod families. Families Merlucciidae and Gadidae 173 



Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill) 173 



Cod Gadus callarias Linnaeus 182 



Tomcod Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) 196 



Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus) 199 



American pollock Pollachius virens (Linnaeus) 213 



White hake Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill) 221 



Squirrel hake Urophycis chuss (Walbaum) 223 



Spotted hake Urophycis regius (Walbaum) 230 



Long-finned hake Urophycis chesteri (Goode and Bean) — 232 



Blue hake Antimora rostrata Giinther 233 



Hakeling Physiculus fulvus Bean 233 



Four-bearded rockling Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus) — 234 



Cusk Brosme brosme (Miiller) 238 



Grenadiers. Family Macrouridae 243 



Common grenadier Macrourus bairdii Goode and Bean 243 



Rough-headed grenadier Macrourus berglax Lacepede 245 



Long-nosed grenadier Coelorhynchus carminatus (Goode) 246 



Opahs. Family Lampridae 247 



Opah Lampris regius (Bonnaterre) 247 



Flounders and Soles. Families Hippoglossidae, Paralichthyidae, Pleuronectidae, 



Bothidae, and Achiridae 248 



Halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus) 249 



Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum) 258 



American dab Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius) 259 



Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus) 267 



Four-spotted flounder Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill) 270 



Yellow-tail Limanda ferruginea (Storer) 271 



Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) 276 



Smooth flounder Liopsetta putnami (Gill) 283 



Witch flounder Glypiocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus) 285 



Sand flounder Lophopsetta maculala (Mitchill) 290 



Gulf Stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons Goode 294 



Hogchoker Achirus fascialus Lacepede 296 



John Dories. Family Zeidae 297 



American John Dory Zenopsis ocellata (Storer) 297 



Grammicolepid fishes. Family Grammicolepidae 299 



Grammicolepid Xenolepidichthys americanus Nichols and Firth 299 



Snipe fishes. Family Macrorhamphosidae 301 



Snipe fish Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Linnaeus) 301 



