ARCTIC S. S. "ROOSEVELT" 361 



dead weight of the ship and machinery, gave at once 

 the displacement needed. 



In the present case it was regarded as practicable 

 to determine in advance upon a size and proportion 

 of ship which should most nearly balance and meet 

 the various requirements, and let the difference between 

 her displacement, and her own dead weight, go for 

 cargo capacity, of which the greater portion would 

 be coal. 



The size fixed upon was 184 feet over all by 35 feet 

 beam by 16 feet draft, loaded. (Load water-line 166 

 feet.) This gives a ship of nearly the same length, 

 but a little greater beam than the English Antarctic 

 ship. Discovery. Her length ratio would be 1:5.26, 

 not quite as fine as the Scotch average, but much finer 

 than the Norwegian or American models. 



Such a ship is in the same class as the Terra Nova, 

 Bear, Thetis, and Neptune of existing whalers, the 

 Proteus (lost) , and the exploring ship Discovery. 



Length and beam having been determined, the form 

 of hull was next to be considered. In the navigation 

 of the particular regions contemplated by the Ex- 

 pedition, a light draft is preferable to a heavier one, 

 as enabling the ship to go closer to the shore, and thus 

 get round a barrier, or retreat close in shore from ad- 

 vancing heavy ice, and let it ground outside of the 

 ship. 



The element of light draft also enters mto the con- 

 sideration of the lifting of the ship under heavy pressure 

 from ice floes. The deeper a ship is in the water, the 

 more difficult will it be for her to rise and save herself. 



It has been well said that while a form of hull that 



