turn can be traced the attached end of the two extremely- 

 long malpighian tubules. To display the esophagus in 

 its passage from the pumping organ to the alimentary sac 

 it is necessary to tear away the dense mass of muscle 

 from which it will be seen to emerge. By seizing the 

 muscular mass boldly in the forceps, the unattached 

 entosternum surrounded with muscle will come away, 

 exposing the central ganglion , perforated by the eso- 

 phagus. By seizing the bulbous ends of the cheliceres 

 they may be drawn from their sheaths. Lying beneath 

 them is the horizontal entosclerite of the head. Beneath 

 this, again, is a dense mass of muscle within which lies 

 the chitinous primping pharynx, 



'"In the male, in the position of the ovary in the 

 female, there is a delicate tube abundantly supplied 

 with trachea. On either side this is continuous with 

 a coiled duct much resembling the oviduct in the female. 

 In the middle line, much in the position of the sperma- 

 theca in the female, is a curious lobular organ, the 



white gland '" (that ) is probably concerned in the 



elaboration of spermatophores. 



Following this, Christophers (loc . cit . ) presented a more 

 complete account of each structure and a generalized description 

 of the digestive process in 0. savignyi . This should be consulted 

 by anyone interested in the Tnternal anatomy and function of 

 either species. Sections of Christophers' study dealing with 

 the digestive system are abstracted below because of their re- 

 lation to the ingestion, development, and passage of pathogenic 

 spirochetes and other organisms, but it is advisable first to 

 mention more recent studies of feeding organs and mechanism. 



Feeding and Digestive Organs 



The capitulum ajid related organs of 0. moubata have been 

 studied in considerable detail by Bertram" (1939 J and reviewed 

 in relation to these organs throughout the Arachnida by Snodgrass 

 (19^8 J. Both papers, which also review previous studies and 

 concepts, deserve careful study. Because of their specialized 

 nature, a short abstract of either of these two studies hardly 



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