host into the southern periphery of the host's range should be 

 considered in view of its apparent total absence on elephants in 

 Bahr El Ghazal Province of the Sudan .7 



HOSTS 



All authors list the African elephant, Loxodonta africana 

 subspp., as chief host. Uncorninon hosts that have been reported 

 for a few specimens are: gazelle (Neumann 1901, 19CX ,19108), 

 antelope and domestic horse (Neumann 1911), rhinoceros (Neumann 

 1972), leopard (Robinson 19?6), bushpig and large lizard (Schwetz 

 1927B), domestic dog (Santos Dias 1953B) and buffalo (Hoogstraal 

 195-^ )• Dr. Theiler has larvae, nymphs, and a male specimen 

 from a bird. Pitta reichenowi , another indication of ground birds 

 as hosts of immatiure Arablyomma species. In our collection are 

 several nymphs and a male with massive legs taken from a hippopo- 

 tamus in Kazinga Channel of Lake Edward by Lt. Colonel Don Davis, 

 U.S. Arnr/. Miss J. B. Walker has a collection consisting of 

 seven males and four females from a Tanganyika black rhinoceros; 

 also others from an elephant there. 



The small nymph collected at Lokila, Equatoria, from a 

 chameleon by E. T. H. Reid is an unusual record. Santos Dias 

 (194-9C) states that larvae and nymphs are rarely found on ele- 

 phants. The only other records for nymphal hosts in nature are 

 those of the bird and hippopotamus listed above, and one nymph 

 in the Onderstepoort collection (Theiler, unpublished) with 

 adults, from an elephant at Toro, Uganda. 



BIOLOGY 



Adult specimens of the elephant amblyomma may be found on 

 any part of the host's body. Immature stages previously have 

 been reported only by Santos Dias (194-dC), v/ho states that larvae 

 and nymphs are rarely taken on elephants. Santos Dias experiment- 

 ally reared larvae and nymphs on giiinea pigs and reported that six 

 months were required to complete the three-host life cycle. He 

 observed a chalcid wasp parasite, Hunterellus hookeri , infesting 

 nymphs. Fiasson (19A.3B) reported 3000 eggs from an engorged fe- 

 male. 



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