Sudan records and several others in my collections are all from 

 altitudes above 3000 feet. In the Sudan and frequently elsewhere, 

 these hills are more humid than the surrounding plains. 



DISEASE RELATIONS 

 Unstudied, 



REMARKS 



The only other tick recorded from Africa that has palpal 

 characters more or less similar to those of H. parmata is H. 

 bispinosa Neiiraann, 1897, an A.siatic species That is said to be 

 found rarely on domestic animals in Kenya, Males of H. bispinosa 

 can be distingtiished by their more narrow and elongate scutum, 

 long lateral grooves, and abrupt tapering of tarsus IV. Females 

 of H. bispinosa have a scutail outline that is slightly longer 

 than broad, converging cervical grooves, and a shorter, wider 

 basis capituli. In addition, the distal tapering of tarsus IV 

 is more abrupt. Nuttall and Warburton (1915) recorded a few 

 specimens of H. bispinosa from Kenya, but Lewis' specimens under 

 this name are~actually H. parmata (Hoogstraal 195AC ) . 



With respect to the tapering of tarsus IV, the Noli Hills 

 female specimen from Equatoria Province is like H. bispinosa . 

 In all other characters, however, it appears to equal H. parmata 

 and it is therefore assigned to the latter species, thougn with 

 some hesitation. Sttadents of Haemaphysalis ticks believe that 

 such tarsal characters are constant within a species, but because 

 of the dearth of comparative material it is impossible to arrive 

 at a satisfactory conclusion concerning this variation. 



The material described by Santos Bias (195'iJF') from Mozambique 

 appears to differ somewhat from that known from the rest of Africa. 



In a formidable discussion, Schulze (1938A, figure 31C) has 

 illustrated the palpi of H. parmata as data for his theories con- 

 cerning generic and speciTic indicators resulting from pressure 

 of the body within the developing nymph of ticks. 



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