the Nile, are inhabited by more species of Hyalomma ticks than 

 apparently any other area of the Ethiopian Fatmal Region. The 

 fact that some of these species appear to be represented in the 

 Sxidan only by small populations, either as a result of chance 

 introduction or as survival or relicts, has been noted above. 



The Asiatic species that do not reach the Sudan are H. 

 hussaini of India (page 520), H. schulzei , an Iranian cajrol par- 

 asite that reaches the Sinai Peninsula between Asia and Africa 

 (page 525) > H, _aegy£tium, the tortoise parasite that extends from 

 southern Rus"sia v/estward through much of the Mediterranean basin 

 (page 5IA), and H. turanicura of southern Russia and Iran that has 

 been introduced into the South African Karroo (page 528). As 

 stated above, the original center of distribution of hyalommas 

 appears to have been in southern Russia or Iran. 



Delpy and Adler and FeldmaruMuhsam have provided few de- 

 tails about the geographical source and range of species that 

 they treat, and there is still considerable question in the 

 minds of specialists and reviewers as to the distribution of 

 Hyalomma species. This section has therefore been given special 

 attention in the following text. Synonyms, listed by country of 

 origin of specimen material whenever it can be determined, are 

 based on Delpy 's (1949B) lists, which give every evidence of 

 being carefully and judiciously assembled. These references 

 do not include the entire literatiure, except I trust for Africa, 

 but are furnished for what they are worth in elucidating the 

 distribution of Hyalomma species and indicating the major stu- 

 dies of each species in different parts of the world. 



HOSTS AND BIOLOGY 



Biological data for Hyalomma ticks derive chiefly from 

 veterinarians* observations on those infesting domestic animals 

 and on laboratory experiments. From field work and from a few 

 other sources we have gained a somewhat different impression 

 of Hyalomma biology, especially relating to host preferences 

 of tne immat\ire stages. In this respect, special attention is 

 called to the HOSTS and BIOLOGY sections in the following text, 

 especially for H. excavatum . The natural life cycle of Hyalomma 



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