Galiizo (19/1.3) made a special point of the fact that H. detritum is 

 not found in cracks in the walls in southern Kazakst*an. As stated 

 four paragraphs below, tmder certain local conditions in Russia, 

 nymphs may also overwinter off the host. No explanation for these 

 differences in overwintering habits has been found in the Soviet 

 literature. 



In southern Kazakstan, Galuzo (l9Al,19/tA) reported H. detritum 

 as a two-host tick with linf ed nymphs hibernating on cattTe during 

 the winter. They engorge and drop from the host in the spring 

 (end of February through April) and molt to adults anywhere from 

 May to August, but mostly in June. Adults disappear in September. 

 Eggs are laid in shaded places in moist meadows, waterside vegeta- 

 tion, or under grass. Larvae aestivate in cracks in the soil or 

 on the surface of the ground irntil October. Then they ascend 

 grass, attach to grazing cattle, feed, and molt to nymphs on the 

 host. Few nymphs feed and drop from the host before winter. 



In Tadzikistan, where H. detritvim is most comraon in irrigated 

 valleys, it has one generation a year (as apparently everywhere 

 else where it occurs), and the seasonal distribution of feeding 

 of the immature and adult stages is like that in Khazakstan 

 (Pavlovsky, Galuzo, and Lototsky 1941). 



According to Pomerantzev (1950), when H. detritTjm is reared 

 in the laboratory nymphs drop from the host~any time between 

 October and April. Yet they all undergo the typical winter 

 diapause and molt to adults from May to July, mostly in June. 

 Thus, nymphs that begin life as larvae in October require eight 

 and a half months to become adults, but those that commence feed- 

 ing as larvae (under experimental conditions) in April require 

 only two months to reach the adult stage. Furthermore, females 

 may fast for six or seven months and feed, between May and August, 

 for from seven to 27 days, average eleven days. After dropping 

 from the host, females commence oviposition in six to 31 days. 

 Eggs number from 5000 to 7000. Larvae appear 25 to sixty days 

 after the eggs have been laid, and may fast for seven or eight 

 nonths. They (normally) attach to the host aboiit a week after 

 hatching, feed for eleven days, and molt on the host about 

 eleven days later. There is one generation a year. 



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