As H. marginatum balcanicvim and H. marginatum olenevi ; Schvilze 

 and Schiottke 1930. Olenev 1929A,193lA,C. Kratz l^Z^ Is H. 

 marginatvim bacuense (apparently of Schulze, ms.)» Olenev 193lA,C. 

 As H. marginatum caspivmi (apparently of Schulze, ms.)j Noted by 

 Olenev 195lA,C, but described by Kratz 19A-0. 



As H. plumbeum plumbeum ; Pomerantzev 1950. Piontkovskaia 

 1951. M^elnikova 195T JFH. plumbeum ; Shatas 1952. Shatas and 

 Bvistrova 195^. Pavlovsky, fervomaisky, and Chagin 1954-. Arakian 

 and Lebedev 1955. Pillipenko and Derevianchenko 1955. Petrishe- 

 hevo 1955. Abramov 1955. Zhmaeva, Pchelkina, Mishchenko, and 

 Karulin 1955. 



MIDDLE EAST ; INDIA (As H. aegyptium f. typica: Shai-if 1928). 

 INDOCHINA (As H. dromedarii indo sinensis ; Toumanof f 19A4-) . 



FAR EAST ; /~?GHINA; The "H. impressiim rufipes " of Chodziesner 

 il92.U} is probably H. marginatum "according to Kralz (l9/h0, p. 55^)^7 



HOSTS 



The common hosts of adult H. marginatum are any domestic ani- 

 mals, especially cattle and hordes; also goats, sheep, and camels 

 often serve. In the Crimea, horses have been stressed as hosts by 

 Kurchatov and Sokolov (19^0; . A typical female taken from a dog 

 at Amman, Trans Jordan, by Dr. B. Babudieri, has been seen (Hoog- 

 straal, ms.). 



Nymphs may also attack domestic animals but are much more 

 frequent on small wild mammals and birds, while larvae feed only 

 on these small animals. Host preferences, especially of immature 

 stages undoubtedly vary somewhat from locality to locality, but 

 the impression of considerable variation between areas appears 

 to be due to incomplete observations by various workers. 



In Transcaucasia, birds are said to be the chief hosts of 

 immature stages (Pomerantzev, Matikashvily, and Lototsky 19-^0). 

 In the laboratory, chickens have been used (Zhmaeva, Pchelkina, 

 Mishchenko, and Karxolin 1955). 



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