No. Hosts No. Hosts No. No. No. No. Max. No. Mean Per 

 Host Examined with Ticks Larvae Nymphs cS5' 05 Ticks on Host 



As is easily seen, jays, chickens, and hares are the chief 

 hosts of immature stages in the Crimean forest. Cattle, pigs, and 

 red deer are important adult hosts, and hares may be of some im- 

 portance. The absence of ticks on the roe deer is noteworthy. 



Melnikova (loc. cit.) noted that unfed larvae enter the audi- 

 tory canals of jays and chickens and molt there to nymphs and to 

 adults; he fovind 118 immatvire ticks in the ears of a single bird. 

 In Eastern Anatolia (Hoogstraal, ms.) partridges vdth larvae and 

 nymphs of this tick similarly tightly packed in their ears have 

 been observed. The comparative ease with which these birds were 

 shot or even caught by hand suggested that the heavy tick infests, 

 tion impaired the birds' keenness. Infested birds seemed muddled 

 and confused and ran in staggering circles rather than flying or 

 dashing off as did most of the flock. 



BIOLOGY 



Life Cycle 



Life cycle studies of "H. aegyptium f reported by Nuttall 

 (I913B) were undertaken with'"H. marginatum . Specimens resvilting 

 from this work are at present~in the Nuttall collection at the 

 British Museum (Natural History) . Nuttall found that H. margi - 

 natum may act as a two-host or as a three-host tick; he believed 

 that the "peculiar* two-host life cycle, when nymphs were fed on 



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