Alectoris kakelik kakelik (?= A. graeca falki ) , Chukar partridge 



Phasianvis chrysomelas bianchii" ' (= P. colchicus bianchii ) , Ring- 

 neck pheasant " 



Columba livia neglecta , Rock dove 



Coliimba eversmanni , Eastern stock pigeon 



Streptopelia tixrtur arenicola , Turtle dove 



Neophron percnopterus , Egyptian vulture 



Coracia's garrulus , Roller 



Kerops persicus , Iranian beeater 



Upupa epops , Hoopoe 



Sturnus vulgaris dresseri, Starling 



Pastor roseus , Rosy starling 



Carduelis carduelis subcaniceps , Goldfinch 



Passer domesticus bactri anus , House sparrow 

 ^Passer montanus zaissanensis . Tree sparrow 



Miliaria calandra buturlini (= Bnberiza c. butiirlini ) , Corn bunting 



Bmberiza stevarti , White-capped bunting 

 *Emberiza buchanani huttoni , Grey- necked bunting 



Bmberiza icteric a 7 Red- headed bunting 

 ^lelanocorypha calandra , Calandra lark 



Galandrella acutirostris , Oriental short-toed lark 

 *Alauda gulgula inconspicua . Oriental sky lark 



Anthus campestris griseus , Tawny pipit 



Sitta tephronota , Rock nuthatch 



Lanius~ininor , lllesser grey shrike 



Lanius collurio isabellinus , Red- backed shrike 



Phylloscopus nitidus viridanus , Greenish willow warbler 



Sylvia curruca , Less er whitethro at 



Sylvia althaea , Hume's lesser whitethroat 



Saxicola torquata , Stone chat 



Oenanthe capi strata , White-headed chat 



Oenanth'e opistoleuca , Strickland's chat 



Phoenicurus ochruras phoenicuroides , Black redstart 



Russian adults feed during the warm period of the year, com- 

 mencing late in March in the valleys and at the end of April or 

 early in May in the mountains. Maximum infestations occur during 

 the warm summer period. The duration of the life cycle, period 

 of most active attack by larvae, and seasonal dynamics are not 

 completely known. The overwintering period is seven months. 

 Lototsky's experimental observations are as follows: The female 



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