than the temperature in Nuttall's experiments) and at 80^ to 9Q5 

 R.H. Unfortunately for purposes of comparison, Sapre neglected 

 to report how soon after hatching larvae commenced feeding and 

 other such details. In his summary, Sapre stated that feeding 

 periods remain constant irrespective of temperature variation 

 but nonfeeding periods appear to be inversely proportional to 

 an increase or decrease in temperatiire . In the introduction 

 it was stated that nonfeeding ticks were observed at 22°C. and 

 the report of the experiment shows no comparative data for 

 length of feeding time at different temperatures. The svtramary 

 stated all stages were observed at 22°C.; the text stated hosts 

 were maintained at anywhere from l.^°C. to 11.6°C. for larval 

 feeding, at 2.9°C. to 5.1°C. for nymphal feeding, and at 11.0°C. 

 to U..6°C. for adult feedingJZ 



Survival of unfed larvae may be as long as 253 days; nymphs 

 appear to be less hardy, for only a few survived for as long as 

 97 days. Adults may live without food for as long as 568 days, 

 with females appearing to survive longer than males when imfed. 

 /"NuttallJ/ 



Nuttall noted that females may outnumber males by two to one 

 and Sapre reported the sex ratio as three females to two males. 

 Copulation occurs on the hostj males may move about on the host 

 and fertilize several females. 



Nuttall counted 1^00 eggs to 3900 eggs from individual fe- 

 males (Sapre said his females averaged 2140 eggs). Lombardini 

 (1950) counted from ^000 to almost 5000 eggs. Regendanz and 

 Reichenow observed that the number of eggs varies with the size 

 of the female but averages from 3000 to 4000. However, not all 

 eggs are deposited. When the female at last becomes exhausted 

 and senile, some mature eggs remain in the oviducts and egg cells 

 remain in the ovaries. A rood egg batch, from an engorged fe^ 

 male measiffing from 8.0 mm. to 9.5 mm. long, weighs from 0.09 

 to 0.1 gram. 



A classical study on oviposition and survival of eggs and 

 larvae tinder certain conditions has been reported by Lombardini 

 (1950). Five females laid from 4000 to almost 5000 eggs each, 

 ovipositing for from 21 to 29 days each. The nximber of eggs 

 laid in the latter half of the period dropped considerably. 



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