though erraticaUy, from week to week. The mechanism of oviposition 

 in the kernel tick is similar to that reported by Nuttall and War- 

 burton (I9I5; for Haemaphysalis punctata . The cephalic gland, or 

 gene's organ, secretes a liquid covering as each egg is emitted. 

 This substance protects the eggs from dessication but absorbs 

 oxygen, even under water. Immersed eggs hatched in 51 days as 

 compared to 38 days in the air (20°C. to 25°C.), although some 

 embryos were killed by a Fusarium fungus. Even larvae survived 

 from 30 to 35 days in spring water, while others, unfed, succumbed 

 m twelve da^^s in moist petri dishes. Larval lonr^ivity when 

 immersed in various fluids was also noted. Illustrated with 

 handsome photographs of the egg covering, various glands and 

 organs, the Fusarium which attacked eggs, and details of the 

 larval external structure including integumentary sense organs, 

 this paper should be studied by anyone seriously interested in 

 tick biology. 



Other laboratory hosts reported by various workers have been 

 hamsters for the larval and nymphal stages (Malamos 1938). Larvae 

 detached engorged in six days from hamsters. Nieschulz and Wawo_ 

 Roentoe (1930) used guineapigs for feeding all stages of the tick- 

 mice were also used for larval feeding, although guineapigs were ' 

 preferred. Feeding time was stated to be 2k hours for larvae and 

 two or three days for nymphs. Dogs were preferred for adult 

 feeding. These experiments, undertaken at 26°C. to 27°C. and 

 at ordinarj^ (high) humidity (of the Netherlands), are notable 

 for the rapid feeding of the immature stages (ticks orix^inated 

 from Java). In contrast, Blanc and Caminopetros (l93l) , when 

 using ground squirrels, or spermophiles, Citellus citel lus, in 

 Athens, noted larval feeding times of five to eight days. 

 Korshunova and Petrov^Piontkovskaya (1949) fed all stages on 

 guineapigs in their studies of boutonneuse fever in the Crimea. 

 Blanc and Bruneau (1948) used guineapigs for feeding immature 

 stages and a hedgehog as adult stage host. A brief abstract 

 of rearing results using white rats and guineapigs for larval 

 hosts and dogs for nymphal and adult hosts has been presented 

 by Luttermoser (I947). 



Ecology 



In the preceding section on biology of the kennel tick 

 the number of queries raised suggest how much information is 

 lacking on the ecology of this parasite. 



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