presence of a scutal pattern of piinctations arranged in four more 

 or less regular longitudinal rows. This characteristic defines 

 the R. simus group and it is suggested (page 751 ) that R. s. 

 sanguineus might logically be considered as a member of^the same 

 group. 



Structure and Physiology 



Integumentary sense organs , which are fixed in number and 

 location, and which are essentially similar in all stages of the 

 tick, though more primitive in larvae, have been described and 

 illustrated by Dinnik and Zurapt (194-9) . See also Lombardini 

 (1950) . 



The integument and sections of the scutum have been illus- 

 trated by Schulze (19A3B), who also mentioned the color of the 

 gut contents. 



Water balance studies of various ticks, as discussed for 0. 

 moubata (page 153 j, reported by Lees (19^6A) , include the obser- 

 vation that R. s. sanguineus falls in about the middle of the 

 range among the species studied with respect to its power of 

 limiting evaporation. Variations in this capacity may reflect 

 specific differences in the nature of the epicuticvilar lipoid 

 among these species. See also Lees (1947). 



Teratologic al ( malformed ) specimens have been occasionally 

 reported. Warburton and Nuttall (1909^ illustrated a Gold Coast 

 specimen with duplication of the posterior parts of the body. 

 Nuttall (191/+A) described asymmetrical specimens and others 

 lacking one leg. Sharif (1930) also noted absence of legs. 

 Others have been described by Sharif (1930) auid Pavlovskj-- (194-0) . 

 These reports have been incorporated in an overall review of the 

 subject by Schulze (1950B). Posteriorly joined adanal shields 

 were illustrated by Santos Dias (1955A). A remarkable larva 

 in which one of the palps appears to be partially converted 

 into a typical leg has been described and illustrated by Pav_ 

 lovsky (1940) and reviewed by Campana (1947). 



A gynandromorph has been described by Pereira and de Castro 

 (1945). It is somewhat interesting, in view of the considerable 



- 718 _ 



