spiracular plate is very slightly larger than that of H. excavatum 

 but otherwise similar to it. "" 



Female . The scutiun measures from 2.09 mm. to 2.61 ram. in 

 length and from 2.04. mm. to 2.^2 mm. in width, thereby exceeding 

 the size of that of the largest specimen of H. excavatum. Spec- 

 imens of the present species measuring less Than 2.23 mm. by 

 2.I4 mm. are rare; 2.33 mm. by 2.23 mm. is a common ratio. The 

 genital apron is like that of H. excavatiun but the scutum is 

 colored as in "species number T" and is slightly more punctate 

 than that of the other two species. 



HYALCMMA MARGINATUM 



QLENEV (193IB). USSR. As H. marginatum , H. marginatum olenevi , 

 and H. marginatum subsp.; descriptions and notes. 



KURGHATOV & KAmiKOV (193A). USSR. As H. marginatum balcanicum ; 

 distribution records from 1932. " 



KDRGHATOV (1935). USSR. H. marginatum , collecting records. 



KURGHATOV (1939B). USai, Grimea. H. marginatum . Details of 

 life cycle, seasonal incidence, and~host preferences conform to 

 those of other authors and of this author in other papers. Addi- 

 tional interesting facts are also provided. In laboratory rear- 

 ing, the length of the life cycle is in direct proportion to 

 temperatijre range (7°G. to 37°G.) but the length of life (? of 

 unfed ticks - ? stage) is in inverse proportion to tenperature . 

 Temperatures of from 7°G . to 10°G . and 42°G . are unfavorable; 

 the range from 22°G. to 27°C . is most favorable with relative 

 humidity from 75 to 100^. Engorged nynphs tolerate any relative 

 humidity from zero to 100^ and tenperature from 7°G. to /t2°G.; 

 in this respect they exceed other stages. Larvae and nymphs are 

 most active in Grimean foothills during the summer- autximn period 

 in the morning and evening (2A.°G . to 30°G., RH 50^ to 75%). In 

 temperatures over 30°G., nost ticks hide in shady places and some 

 burrow into the soil. At night ten^jeratiares below 21°C. or 22°G. 

 and also with high relative humidity and strong winds almost no 

 tick activity is noticed. The northern limits where this tick 

 is common is from A6°G . to A-9°G . northern latitude (annual isou 

 therm 9°C.). Gattle are rarely infested in summer in open semi- 

 deserts and deserts. Most heavily infested areas are lowlands 

 and foothills of steppes, forested steppes, and low mountain 

 forest zones. High mountain belts are rarely infested. The 

 fact that immature stages attack migrating birds may account 

 for finding this tick rarely in northern latitijdes. 



_ 887 _ 



